Stabilization_Act_of_1942

Stabilization Act of 1942

Stabilization Act of 1942

US law implemented to control prices during World War II

The Stabilization Act of 1942 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 77–729, 56 Stat. 765, enacted October 2, 1942), formally entitled "An Act to Amend the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, to Aid in Preventing Inflation, and for Other Purposes," and sometimes referred to as the "Inflation Control Act",[1] was an act of Congress that amended the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942.

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The Act authorized and directed the President to issue an order stabilizing prices, wages and salaries to the levels they had had as of September 15, 1942,[2][3][4] and to issue additional regulations related to the Act.[5] The Act excluded from stabilization "insurance and pension benefits in a reasonable amount to be determined by the President".[6]

The Act also extended the expiration date of the Emergency Price Control Act by a year, to June 30, 1944.[3][7]

As a penalty for violating the Act, the Act provided for a fine of $1000, imprisonment for up to a year, or both.[8]

On October 3, 1942, the day after the statute's enactment, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order no. 9250, fixing wages and salaries in accordance with the Act, and establishing the Office of Economic Stabilization.[9] On April 8, 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9328 which was a hold the line on further increases in prices affecting the cost of living and increases in wages and salaries with the exception where there were substandard living conditions.[10] On September 25, 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9381 directing the National War Labor Board to stabilize salary and wages per annum paid by any United States employer.[11]

One consequence of the wage stabilization under the Act was that employers, unable to provide higher salaries to attract or retain employees, began to offer insurance plans, including health care packages, as a fringe benefit, thereby beginning the practice of employer-sponsored health insurance.[12][13]

Economic Stabilization Extension

Stabilization Extension Act of 1944 extended the price controls and economic stabilization authorities established by the Emergency Price Control and Stabilization Acts for the duration to June 30, 1945.[14] The S. 1764 legislation was passed by the 78th U.S. Congressional session and enacted into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 30, 1944.[15]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Decisions: Administrative Law—Price Regulation—Statutory Interpretation". Columbia Law Review. 44 (3): 433, 435. May 1944. JSTOR 1117414.
  2. [2]
    Stabilization Act of 1942, § 1
  3. [3]
    Ciment, James; Russell, Thaddeus (2007). The Home Front Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 1345. ISBN 978-1-57607-849-5. OCLC 77553609.
  4. [4]
    Jewell, Elizabeth (2005). U.S. Presidents Factbook. Random House. p. 1933. ISBN 978-0-375-72073-4. OCLC 61303496.
  5. [5]
    Stabilization Act of 1942, § 2
  6. [6]
    Stabilization Act of 1942, § 10
  7. [7]
    Stabilization Act of 1942, § 7
  8. [8]
    Stabilization Act of 1942, § 11
  9. [9]
    Roosevelt, Franklin (October 3, 1942). "President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order Providing For The Stabilizing Of The National Economy". White House news release. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
  10. [10]
    Roosevelt, Franklin D. (April 8, 1943). "White House Statement and Executive Order to "Hold the Line" on Prices and Wages - Executive Order No. 9328, April 8, 1943". Internet Archive. Harper & Brothers Publishers.
  11. [11]
    Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Executive Order 9381 - Amendment of Executive Order No. 9250, Entitled "Providing for the Stabilizing of the National Economy"," September 25, 1943". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  12. [12]
    Thomasson, Melissa (February 1, 2010). "Health Insurance in the United States". EH.net. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
  13. [13]
    Scialabba, Jeff (September 2, 2009). "Government health care in America – part 1". Ayn Rand Center for Individual Rights. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
  14. [14]
    "Stabilization Extension Act of 1944 - P.L. 78-383" (PDF). 58 Stat. 632. USLaw.Link. June 30, 1944.
  15. [15]
    Roosevelt, Franklin D. (June 30, 1944). "Statement of the President on Signing the Stabilization Extension Act, June 30, 1944". Internet Archive. Harper & Brothers Publishers.
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