Stories_Old_and_New

<i>Stories Old and New</i>

Stories Old and New

Book by Feng Menglong

Stories Old and New (Chinese: 古今小說), also known by its later name Stories to Enlighten the World (喻世明言), is a collection of short stories by Feng Menglong during the Ming dynasty. It was published in Suzhou in 1620. It is considered to be pivotal in the development of Chinese vernacular fiction.[1]

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Background

Feng Menglong collected and slightly modified works from the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, such as changing characters’ names and locations to make stories more contemporary. The writing style of the series of stories is written vernacular, or baihua, the everyday language of people at that time. The 40 stories are divided into 3 sections, one section collects Song and Yuan dynasty tales, one collects Ming dynasty stories, and the last is the stories created by Feng Menglong himself. The success of Stories Old and New published (1620), also known as Yushi Mingyan (Illustrious Words to Instruct the World) led Feng to edit and publish Jingshi Tongyan (Stories to Caution the World) in 1624, and Xingshi Hengyan (Stories to Awaken the World) in 1627. Each collection contained forty stories. The title of each collection ended with the word "yan" (word), so they are often referred to as a group: Sanyan (Trois Recueils d'histoires [fr]). The stories in these three books are in a format called Huaben (话本), a novella or short novel.[2]

About the author

Feng Menglong (1574－1646) passed the lowest level of national exams at the age of 57. Although he had not done well on previous exams, he did have the ability to impress people with his writings. When he was 70, the dynasty was almost at its end and the Qing army invaded the country. He attempted to awaken people with his writings but failed to do so, and died in 1646. There are two theories about how he died. One is that he was killed by the Qing forces and another that his worries about the country made him sick.

Feng's works included not only fiction but drama and music as well. He played a major role in enhancing Ming dynasty drama and brought it into a thriving state. Nevertheless, he was mostly known for his fiction. The motivation and central idea of his work was illustrating real emotion and undermining false ethics. One common characteristic of Feng's works is realism, dealing with daily life so that readers feel close to the story and enjoy reading it.

List of Stories

Translated titles in this table mainly follow those by Shuhui Yang and Yunqin Yang in Stories Old and New: A Ming Dynasty Collection. University of Washington Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0295978444. Titles used by other translators are listed as bullet points.

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Notes

  1. [1]
    Stories Old and New. University of Washington Press, 2012.
  2. [2]
    Shuhui Yang and Yunqin Yang, "Introduction," Stories Old and New: A Ming Dynasty Collection. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000). ISBN 0295978430
  3. [3]
    Birch, Cyril (1958). Stories from a Ming Collection: Translations of Chinese short Stories Published in the Seventeenth Century. The Bodley Head.
  4. [4]
    Kelly, Jeanne (1978). "The Pearl Shirt Reencountered". In Ma, Y. W.; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.). Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. Columbia University Press. pp. 264–292. ISBN 0231040598.
  5. [5]
    Chu, E. C. (January 1929). "The Clever Judgment of Censor Chen Lien". The China Journal. X (1): 59–66.
  6. [6]
    Yao, P. C. (Autumn 1975). "The Case of the Gold Hairpins". Renditions (5): 118–136.
  7. [7]
    Bishop, John Lyman (1956). The Colloquial Short Stories in China: A Study of the San-Yen Collections. Harvard University Press.
  8. [8]
    Miller, Robert C.; et al. (1978). "Han Wu-niang Sells Her Charms at the New Bridge Market". In Ma, Y. W.; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.). Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. Columbia University Press. pp. 312–324. ISBN 0231040598.
  9. [9]
    Dolby, William (1976). "Yang Jiao Throws Away His Life in Fulfilment of a Friendship". The Perfect Lady by Mistake and Other Stories by Feng Menglong (1574–1646). P. Elek. ISBN 0236400029.
  10. [10]
    Kwan-Terry, John (1978). "Wu Pao-an Ransoms His Friend". In Ma, Y. W.; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.). Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. Columbia University Press. pp. 4–18. ISBN 0231040598.
  11. [11]
    Yang Hsien-yi; Yang, Gladys (1957). The Courtesan's Jewel Box: Chinese Stories of the Xth–XVIIth Centuries. Foreign Languages Press.
  12. [12]
    Zonana, Susan Arnold (1978). "Magistrate T'eng and the Case of Inheritance". In Ma, Y. W.; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.). Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. Columbia University Press. pp. 485–502. ISBN 0231040598.
  13. [13]
    Yang Hsien-yi; Yang, Gladys (1981). Lazy Dragon: Chinese Stories from the Ming Dynasty. Joint Publishing. ISBN 9620401360.
  14. [14]
    Yang Hsien-yi; Yang, Gladys (December 1961). "Strange Encounter in the Northern Capital". Chinese Literature: 45–67.
  15. [15]
    Wong, Timothy C. (1978). "Sung the Fourth Raises Hell with Tightwad Chang". In Ma, Y. W.; Lau, Joseph S. M. (eds.). Traditional Chinese Stories: Themes and Variations. Columbia University Press. pp. 535–554. ISBN 0231040598.
  16. [16]
    Hsia, C. T.; Page, John (Spring 1985). "Wang Xinzhi's Death, and How It Saved His Whole Family". Renditions (23): 6–30.
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