The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is organised into a small number of flying squadrons and ground-based units. Most of the RNZAF's operational and training units are stationed at RNZAF Base Auckland and RNZAF Base Ohakea in the North Island. Several training and maintenance units are located at RNZAF Base Woodbourne in the South Island.

During the Second World War, three groups were formed: Northern Group RNZAF, in the North of the North Island (HQ Auckland), Central Group RNZAF (HQ Wellington), in the South of the North Island, and Southern Group RNZAF (HQ Christchurch), in the South Island. They were in the process of formation by February 1942.^[1] In August 1942 these Group HQs were raised to the status of Air HQs and placed under Air Commodores.

In September 1943 the RNZAF reached its peak strength in New Zealand. By this time establishments included Air Headquarters in Wellington, the three group headquarters, and a total of thirty-three stations and depots throughout the country.^[2] The Group Headquarters were combined headquarters and housed Navy and Army as well as Air Force staffs. Northern and Central Groups were operational in function, and were equipped with filter rooms and fighter operations rooms, while Southern Group was primarily responsible for training. Northern Group, besides administering stations in New Zealand, also controlled Norfolk Island, where a radar unit and a servicing section catered for transient aircraft.

At that time Northern Group administered RNZAF Station Waipapakauri, RNZAF Station Onerahi, RNZAF Station Whenuapai, and the stations at Mangere, Seagrove, Hamilton, Te Awamutu, Rotorua, Tauranga, and Swanson. No. 1 Stores Depot RNZAF moved on 10 April 1943 from the Exhibition Hall in central Hamilton to the northern outskirts of Hamilton, where RNZAF Station Te Rapa was established. Air Commodore Maurice Buckley commanded Northern Group from Auckland in 1942–43. Between April 1944-31 March 1945, the station at Tauranga was vacated.^[3]

Later, No. 1 (Islands) Group RNZAF served in the Solomon Islands.

Air Commodore James Findlay served as Air Officer Commanding Central Group from 1942. Central Group was suspended in October 1943, and its functions shared between Air Headquarters and the other two groups.^[2] Northern and Southern Groups were disbanded in October 1944.

The RNZAF includes the following units. Note that the organisational structure below is likely to contain some omissions and inaccuracies. In particular, Ground Training and Nos. 485 and 488 Wings were disestablished in early 2015 and replaced by Base Commanders. As part of the same reorganisation, the headquarters of No. 209 (Expeditionary Support) Squadron was disestablished, and its RNZAF Force Protection, air movements, aviation refuelling, and other sub-units reassigned. Woodbourne was the first base to make the change, synchronised with a routine change of command; Ohakea and Auckland followed.

• Chief of Air Force (Wellington)^[8]: 11
  • Air Staff
  • Air Component Commander
    • Base Commander Auckland
      • No. 5 Squadron (4 x P-8 Poseidon)
      • No. 6 Squadron (8 x SH-2G Super Seasprite)
      • No. 40 Squadron (4 x C-130H Hercules, 2 x Boeing 757-200)
      • No. 230 (Mission Support) Squadron
      • Parachute Training Support Unit
      • Operations Squadron Auckland
    • Base Commander Ohakea
      • No. 3 Squadron (A-109 T/LUH, NH90 MUH)
      • No. 42 Squadron (4 x Super King Air 350)
      • Flying Training^[9]
        • Central Flying School
        • No. 14 Squadron (11 x T-6 Texan II)
      • Operations Squadron Ohakea
    • Ground Training Wing (RNZAF Base Woodbourne)^{[8]: 12 [10]}
      • Command Training School
      • Aeronautical Training Squadron
        • Basic Training Flight
        • Aircraft Training Flight
      • Electro-Technology Training Squadron
        • Electro-Technology Training Flight
        • Operational Training Flight
      • Support Training Squadron
      • Operations Squadron Woodbourne
  • Logistics Command (Air)^[11]
    • Maintenance Wing