Other words were derived from تَکْیهtakya in Classical Persian, such as تکیهنشینtakya-nishīn and تکیهدارtakya-dār both meaning a Sufi.
Ottoman Empire
Many takyas (or tekkeler in Turkish; Ottoman Turkish: تَكْیهلر, romanized:tekyeler) have been built in Turkey and in the countries which came under Ottoman rule. The Ottomans used the words takya (Turkish: tekke), dargāh (Turkish: dergâh) and zāwiya (Turkish: zâviye) instead of khānqāh (Turkish: hankah).[19] Among the Ottoman Sufi orders which had the most takyas were the Mevlevi Order or Mawlawiyya and the Bektashi Order.[7] The takyas of the Mevlevi Order were called Mawlawī khānas (Ottoman Turkish: مولوی خانهلر, romanized:Mevlevî haneler, lit.'Mawlawī houses').[7]
By the 20th century, Istanbul itself counted many takyas. Some were dedicated to certain Muslim communities (for example, the Uzbeks' Takya[lower-alpha 4] or the Indians' Takya[lower-alpha 5]) which symbolized a certain recognition of these communities by the Ottomans.[22] Iranians in Istanbul in the 1870s also attempted to establish a "Takya Ḥosayniya"[23] (Turkish: Hüseyniye Tekkesi),[23] which was meant to be used as a husayniyya like the takyas of Iran (see §Iran, below).
Ottoman takyas can be found in Albania, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Cyprus, in Egypt, in Greece, in North Macedonia and in Syria.
South Asia
In South Asia, the word takya in the religious sense has been used as a synonym of khanqah (like the Takya of Baba Shah Musafir[8][9][10][11][12][lower-alpha 2] at Aurangabad) alongside the words jamāʿat-khāna (Urdu: جماعت خانہ), dargāh (Urdu: درگاہ, lit.'royal court'), langar (Urdu: لنگر, lit.'refectory'[lower-alpha 6]) and sometimes ʿimārat (Urdu: عمارت, lit.'building').[24]
In Azerbaijan, examples of takyas (or təkyələr in Azerbaijani) include the Takya in the Old City of Baku.
Modern Arab world
In the modern Arab world, takyas (Arabic: تَكَايَا, romanized:takāyā, plural of تَكِيَّةtakiyya) have come to refer to places or institutions providing food assistance to those in need: for example, the Tkiyet Um Ali founded in Amman in 2003, or the Takiyyat Nābulus al-Khayriyya founded in Nablus in 2012.[28]
Notes
Variously spelled in historical English sources as takyah, takia, takiya, takiyah, takyeh, takieh, takié, takiye, takiyeh, tekyeh, tekieh, tekiye, tekiyeh and many other spellings.
Digby, Simon (1998). "Before the Bābās Came to India: A Reconstruction of the Earlier Lives of Bābā Saʿīd Palangpōsh and Bābā Muḥammad Musāfir in "Wilāyat"". Iran. 36. Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 139–164. doi:10.2307/4299981. JSTOR4299981. the Takya of Bābā Musāfir in Awrangābād
محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي (2019). معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية (in Arabic). بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.
Ridgeon, Lloyd (2020). Routledge Handbook on Sufism. takya is used also in India and in Xinjiang (China). In the Indian subcontinent, the terms used are jamā'at-khāna (meeting room), takya (pillow, bolster) or dargāh (royal court) and langar (refectory), a term of Sanskrit origin, and sometimes imarat (religious complex).
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