Life history

The life cycle of T. sedilloti is usually complete in about two years. They need eight months to hatch from eggs from the time of laying, however, time span of the juveniles and adult is hard to assess. December and January is the optimal time of the year that adult start to be observed at night foraging. Mating has been observed in April.^[6]

Female T. sedilloti have long ovipositors used for laying eggs into soft wood, moss and soil. Palps and ovipositor are used to find a suitable spot, as the correct texture are a prerequisite for egg-laying, they are particularly choosy on the spot, often testing before selecting. There are maximum of two eggs laid in the same spot. Oviposition reach its peak between April and June, and hatching usually peak between December and January. Compound eyes of the embryo become visible through the chorion during embryo development stage. A dark brown cap appear at the vegetal pole of the egg just before hatching. Sometime the chorion becomes transparent and the embryo can be seen quite clearly through it. The number of pre-adult instars is variable both inter- and intraspecifically.^[6]

Diet

Cave wētā have small mouths. Although they are arboreal, they do not appear to utilise leaves as a nutrient source to any extent, instead, they eat fungi, algae and lichens growing on trees and rocks. Although protein is a preferred meal, they are not known to attack, but scavenge on any dead insects that they come across.^[2]

Some observations suggests that cave wētā "lick" native slugs, however, this is not officially reported. The licking behaviour in cave wētā is suspected as they can gain moisture and some nutrients from the slime.^[2]

Sexual dimorphism

The adult female is easily distinguished from the male by having a long, scimitar-like ovipositor projecting from the posterior end of its abdomen.^[6]

Habitats

Talitropsis sedilloti is widely spread throughout New Zealand's main islands and several small islands.^[7][8] In general cave wētā love damp, dark, cool environments,^[6] and are only active at night. Talitropsis sedilloti are found in rain forest habitats ^[9][1] where they hide during the day in hollow tree branches^[10] using the same sort of tree holes as used by tree wētā (Hemideina).^[7]

Talitropsis sedilloti is common in various forest types on both main islands of New Zealand, and occurs in low numbers on Stewart Island.^[11]

Juvenile T. sedilloti are observed in the leaf litter of mixed podocarp-coastal forests and at night on tree trunks of D. squarrosa, P. ferruginea, W. racemosa, and P. hallii. Adults are found on trunks of P. ferruginea and D. cupressinum, both of the tree species are characterised by thick flaky bark that can provide ideal microhabitats for these wētā.^[11]

Distribution

Click here and here to be redirected to see the distribution of T. sedilloti in New Zealand.(update on distribution is currently under investigation).

Talitropsis sedilloti is wide spread across mainland New Zealand and genetic studies using mtDNA have found intraspecific genetic distance within this species are as high as 4.4% (max).^[8]