Taro Nakayama (中山 太郎, Nakayama Tarō, August 27, 1924 – March 15, 2023) was a Japanese doctor and politician serving in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. A native of Osaka^[1] he received a Ph.D. in medicine from Osaka Medical College in 1960 for the study of infantile paralysis. After serving in the assembly of Osaka Prefecture he was elected to the Diet for the first time in 1968 as a member of the House of Councilors and to the House of Representatives for the first time in 1986. From 1989 to 1990 he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in Toshiki Kaifu's cabinet (1989–1991).

Nakayama's parents, Fukuzō and Masa, were also politicians and members of the Diet, as are his brother Masaaki and nephew Yasuhide.^{[citation needed]}

Nakayama also made history by hiring the first non-Japanese aide, Timothy Langley, into the Japanese Diet as was showcased on 60 Minutes.^[2]

Nakayama was affiliated to the openly revisionist organization Nippon Kaigi.^[3] He was a mentor to Nippon Ishin no Kai politician Nobuyuki Baba.^[4]

Nakayama died on March 15, 2023, at the age of 98.^[5]