Timeline_of_Wrocław

Timeline of Wrocław

Timeline of Wrocław

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Wrocław, Poland.

Historical affiliations

Silesians until 985
Duchy of Poland 985–1025
Kingdom of Poland 1025–1038
Duchy of Bohemia 1038–1054
Kingdom of Poland 1054–ca. 1320
Duchy of Silesia 1320–1348
 Kingdom of Bohemia 1348–1469
Kingdom of Hungary 1469–1490
 Kingdom of Bohemia 1490–1526
Habsburg monarchy 1526–1742
Kingdom of Prussia 1742–1871
German Empire 1871–1918
Weimar Germany 1918–1933
 Nazi Germany 1933–1945
People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989
 Republic of Poland 1989–present

Prior to 16th century

Romanesque church of St. Giles, the oldest preserved church of Wrocław
The oldest printed text in the Polish language in the Statuta Synodalia Episcoporum Wratislaviensis, printed in Wrocław by Kasper Elyan, 1475
  • 1475 - Kasper Elyan [pl] founded the Drukarnia Świętokrzyska [pl] (Holy Cross Printing House), the city's first printing house, which in the same year published the Statuta synodalia episcoporum Wratislaviensium [pl], the first ever incunable in Polish.[10]
  • 1490 - City passed to Bohemia.
  • 1492 - Pillory erected at the Market Square.[5]

16th–18th centuries

19th century

Wrocław Opera
Market Square with the Old Town Hall around 1900

20th century

1900–1939

Wrocław Market Hall in 1909
Part of the Workplace and House Exhibition

World War II (1939–1945)

  • 1939
  • 1940
    • Ausländer-Auffanglager forced labour camp established by the Germans; its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Frenchmen, Czechs, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Yugoslavs, Greeks, etc. (mostly men, but also women and children)[38]
    • Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp established by the Germans; its prisoners were mostly Poles (men and women), but also Czechs (men and women), French POWs, Soviet POWs and Jews.[39]
    • Forced labour camp in Sołtysowice established by the Germans; it housed between 4,000 and 10,000 prisoners, mostly Poles, but also Czechs, Ukrainians, Yugoslavs, Frenchmen, Englishmen, Dutchmen and Russians.[40]
    • 20 April: Forced labour camp for Jewish men established by the Germans in the present-day district of Jerzmanowo.[41]
    • September: Forced labour camp for Jews established by the Germans in Żerniki.[42]
Monument to the Polish Olimp resistance organization in Wrocław
  • 1941 - Olimp underground Polish resistance organization formed.
  • 1942
    • 15 February: Forced labour camp for Jewish men in Jerzmanowo dissolved.[41]
    • 15 July: Execution of Leon Kmiotek [pl], commander of the Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich (Military Organization of the Western Lands) Polish resistance organization by the Germans.[43]
    • August: AL Breslau-Lissa subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established by the Germans, its prisoners were mostly Poles, but also Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Frenchmen, Czechs, Yugoslavs.[44]
  • 1943
    • April 23: Polish Zagra-Lin attacks Nazi German troop transport.
    • Dulag 410 transit camp for Allied prisoners of war established by the Germans.[45]
  • 1944
    • March: Forced labour camp for Jews in Żerniki dissolved.[42]
    • August: City declared a Nazi fortress.
    • Three more subcamps of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp established, for prisoners of various nationalities, including one subcamp for women.[44]
    • Deportations of Poles from Warsaw to the forced labour camp in Sołtysowice following the Warsaw Uprising.[40]
    • Prisoners of the Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp evacuated to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in a death march.[39]
  • 1945
    • January: evacuation of the prisoners of the Gross-Rosen subcamps to the main camp in death marches.[44]
    • 20 January: Rheinmettal–Borsig forced labour camp dissolved.[39]
    • January–April: Construction of a temporary airport, during which thousands of forced labourers were killed.[46]
    • An AGSSt assembly center for Allied POWs established by the Germans.[47]
    • February 13-May 6: Siege of Breslau.[48]
    • April: Bombing of the Ausländer-Auffanglager forced labour camp; death of many prisoners.[38]
    • May 7: Forced labour camp in Sołtysowice dissolved.[40]
    • Polish Boleslaw Drobner becomes mayor.
    • Expulsion of Germans in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement begins.
    • June: Deportation of captured German POWs to the Soviet Union by the Russians.[39]
    • 8 June: Nasz Wrocław, first post-war Polish newspaper of Wrocław begins publishing.[49]

1946–1990s

National Museum, Wrocław
1997 Central European flood in Wrocław

21st century

New Horizons Film Festival, 2009
Stadion Miejski
Wrocław Old Town in 2017

See also

References

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    Baedeker 1873.
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    Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. LXXII.
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    Maciej Łagiewski. "Spotkanie królów". Gazeta Wrocławska (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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    Szczegóła, Hieronim (1968). Kasper Elyan z Głogowa, pierwszy polski drukarz (in Polish). Zielona Góra: Muzeum Ziemi Lubuskiej. pp. 4, 6.
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    Pater 1963, pp. 414–415.
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    "Historia Teatru" (in Polish). Wrocławski Teatr Lalek. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
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    "Rok Jubileuszowy – Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"". Ossolineum (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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    Julius H. Greenstone (1931). "Liberal Jewish Youth Association of Breslau". Jewish Quarterly Review. New Series 21.
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    Małgorzata Wieliczko. "100 lat niepodległości: Konsulat II RP we Wrocławiu skrywał tajemnice". www.wroclaw.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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    Cygański, Mirosław (1984). "Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945". Przegląd Zachodni (in Polish) (4): 36.
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    Cygański, p. 37
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    Fiedor, Karol (1968). "Antypolska działalność Stahlhelmu. zjazd wrocławski w 1931 roku". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XXIII (2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich: 265–267.
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    "Riots in Breslau as Corn Returns". New York Times. January 25, 1933.
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    "see article "Concentration Camps in and around Breslau 1940–1945"". Roger Moorhouse. Archived from the original on 9 June 2010.
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    "Nazis Hold Sport Week". New York Times. July 25, 1938.
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    Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 63.
  38. [38]
    "Obóz przejściowy (areszt) dla więźniów (Ausländer-Auffanglager)". Ludzie ze znakiem "P" (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  39. [39]
    "Obóz pracy przymusowej na terenie Psiego Pola (Hundsfeld)". Ludzie ze znakiem "P" (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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    "Na Sołtysowicach znajdował się największy obóz pracy przymusowej we Wrocławiu w latach 1940-1945". WDolnymŚląsku.com (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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    "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Herrmannsdorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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    "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Breslau-Neukirch". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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    "German Dulag Camps". Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

See also: History of Wrocław § Bibliography

in English

in other languages

  • "Breslau". Allgemeine Deutsche Real-Encyclopädie für die Gebildeten Stände (in German) (7th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1827.
  • "Breslau". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
  • Ludwig Sittenfeld (1909), Geschichte des Breslauer Theaters von 1841 bis 1900 [History of the Breslau Theatre from 1841 to 1900] (in German), Breslau: Preusz, OL 23360659M
  • P. Krauss; E. Uetrecht, eds. (1913). "Breslau". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
  • Pater, Mieczysław (1976). "Polska poezja okolicznościowo-rewolucyjna we Wrocławiu (1812–1822)". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XXXI (2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
  • Pater, Mieczysław (1963). "Wrocławskie echa powstania styczniowego". Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka (in Polish). XVIII (4). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich.
  • Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, ed. (1989), Breslau, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, ISBN 978-3891150009
  • Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Breslau". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
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