Timeline_of_the_Ilkhanate

Timeline of the Ilkhanate

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This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

The Ilkhanate from 1256-1353

The disintegration of the Ilkhanate, 1345

Bibliography

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Barfield, Thomas (1989), The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, Basil Blackwell
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Bregel, Yuri (2003), An Historical Atlas of Central Asia, Brill
Drompp, Michael Robert (2005), Tang China And The Collapse Of The Uighur Empire: A Documentary History, Brill
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999), The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-66991-X (paperback).
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Golden, Peter B. (1992), An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East, OTTO HARRASSOWITZ · WIESBADEN
Graff, David A. (2002), Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Warfare and History, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415239559
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Jackson, Peter (2005), The Mongols and the West, Pearson Education Limited
Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1964), The Chinese, their history and culture, Volumes 1-2, Macmillan
Lorge, Peter A. (2008), The Asian Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-60954-8
Luttwak, Edward N. (2009), The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
Millward, James (2009), Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, Columbia University Press
Mote, F. W. (2003), Imperial China: 900–1800, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0674012127
Needham, Joseph (1986), Science & Civilisation in China, vol. V:7: The Gunpowder Epic, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-30358-3
Rong, Xinjiang (2013), Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Brill
Schafer, Edward H. (1985), The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A study of T'ang Exotics, University of California Press
Shaban, M. A. (1979), The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-29534-3
Sinor, Denis (1990), The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press
Sima, Guang (2015), Bóyángbǎn Zīzhìtōngjiàn 54 huánghòu shīzōng 柏楊版資治通鑑54皇后The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, Volume 1, Yuǎnliú chūbǎnshìyè gǔfèn yǒuxiàn gōngsī, ISBN 978-957-32-0876-1
Skaff, Jonathan Karam (2012), Sui-Tang China and Its Turko-Mongol Neighbors: Culture, Power, and Connections, 580-800 (Oxford Studies in Early Empires), Oxford University Press
Standen, Naomi (2007), Unbounded Loyalty Frontier Crossings in Liao China, University of Hawai'i Press
Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (1997), Liao Architecture, University of Hawaii Press
Twitchett, Denis C. (1979), The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 3, Sui and T'ang China, 589–906, Cambridge University Press
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[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004225-1] [1]
Atwood 2004, p. 225.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004431-2] [2]
Atwood 2004, p. 431.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004307-3] [3]
Atwood 2004, p. 307.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004308-4] [4]
Atwood 2004, p. 308.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood200481-5] [5]
Atwood 2004, p. 81.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994372-6] [6]
Twitchett 1994, p. 372.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004196-7] [7]
Atwood 2004, p. 196.

[FOOTNOTEJackson200574-8] [8]
Jackson 2005, p. 74.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004331-9] [9]
Atwood 2004, p. 331.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004323-10] [10]
Atwood 2004, p. 323.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994405-11] [11]
Twitchett 1994, p. 405.

[FOOTNOTEJackson2005116-12] [12]
Jackson 2005, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood200428-13] [13]
Atwood 2004, p. 28.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood200429-14] [14]
Atwood 2004, p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEJackson2005117-15] [15]
Jackson 2005, p. 117.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood20046-16] [16]
Atwood 2004, p. 6.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994412-17] [17]
Twitchett 1994, p. 412.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004226-18] [18]
Atwood 2004, p. 226.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004234-19] [19]
Atwood 2004, p. 234.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004231-20] [20]
Atwood 2004, p. 231.

[FOOTNOTEJackson2005167-21] [21]
Jackson 2005, p. 167.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004235-22] [22]
Atwood 2004, p. 235.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004341-23] [23]
Atwood 2004, p. 341.

[FOOTNOTEJackson2005170-24] [24]
Jackson 2005, p. 170.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood200486-25] [25]
Atwood 2004, p. 86.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994504-26] [26]
Twitchett 1994, p. 504.

[FOOTNOTEAtwood2004236-27] [27]
Atwood 2004, p. 236.

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Year	Date	Event
1217	15 October	Hulagu Khan is born to Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki^[1]
1218	autumn	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm's forces clash with a Mongol army led by Jochi and Subutai, the battle ending inconclusively^[2]
1218	winter	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: A Muslim merchant delegation sent by Genghis Khan arrives at Otrar and the governor Inalchuq kills them, seizing their goods for himself; a sole survivor reaches Mongolia and alerts Genghis, who sends three more envoys to demand custody of Inalchuq - they are also killed^[2]
1219	fall	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Ögedei and Chagatai take Otrar and massacres its population; Genghis Khan dispatches Jochi to conquer Syr Darya and another army to conquer Fergana^[3]

Year	Date	Event
1220	15 February	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Bukhara and places Yelü Ahai in control of Transoxiana^[3]
	16 March	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Samarkand and Muhammad II of Khwarezm flees to Nishapur; Genghis Khan dispatches Jebe and Subutai to destroy the sultan^[3]
	May	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jebe and Subutai take Balkh and capture Muhammad II of Khwarezm's mother Terken Khatun and family in the Zagros Mountains^[4]
	winter	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Muhammad II of Khwarezm dies^[3]
1221	March	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Tolui destroys Merv^[3]
	April	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei destroy Urgench while Tolui takes Nishapur and Herat^[3]
	spring	Battle of Parwan: Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu defeats a Mongol army led by Shikhikhutug in the Hindu Kush^[3]
		Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Genghis Khan takes Termez^[3]
		Siege of Bamyan (1221): Genghis Khan takes Bamyan; Chagatai's son Mutukan dies in the process^[5]
	November	Battle of Indus: Genghis Khan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who swims across the Indus River and escapes^[3]

Year	Date	Event
1231	August	Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia: Chormaqan defeats Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, who escapes only to be killed by an unknown Kurd; so ends the Khwarazmian dynasty^[4]
1232		Tolui is struck by sickness and dies^[6]
1236		Mongol invasions of Georgia: Chormaqan subjugates Georgia and Armenia^[7]

Year	Date	Event
1242		Mongol invasions of Anatolia: Mongols take Erzurum^[8]
1243	26 June	Battle of Köse Dağ: Baiju defeats Kaykhusraw II and subjugates the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia^[9]
1244		The Ayyubid dynasty gives tribute to the Mongols^[8]
1244		Badr al-Din Lu'lu' of Mosul submits to the Mongol Empire^[10]

Year	Date	Event
1251	fall	Möngke Khan places Hulagu Khan in charge of North China^[1]
1252	summer	Möngke Khan charges Hulagu Khan with the invasion of taking Baghdad^[11]
1256	20 November	Hulagu Khan takes Alamut from the Assassins^[1]
1256		Mongols defeat Kaykaus II at Aksaray and enthrone Kilij Arslan IV^[12]
1258	17 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan sends a Mongol contingent across the Tigris River which suffers a defeat against Aybak^[13]
	18 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Baiju floods the enemy camp and attacks, driving them back^[13]
	29 January	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Hulagu Khan lays siege to Baghdad^[13]
	1 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol siege weapons breach Baghdad's Ajami tower^[14]
	3 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongol forces take Baghdad's walls^[14]
	10 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim, his sons, and 3,000 dignitaries surrender^[14]
	13 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Mongols sack Baghdad^[14]
	20 February	Siege of Baghdad (1258): Al-Musta'sim and his family are executed; so ends the first Abbasid Caliphate^[14]
		Hulagu Khan takes the title of Ilkhan, meaning "obedient khan"^[14]
	March	Öljei Khatun's brother Bukha-Temur sacks Wasit^[1]

Timeline_of_the_Ilkhanate

Timeline of the Ilkhanate

13th century

1210s

1220s

1230s

1240s

1250s

1260s

1270s

1280s

1290s

14th century

1300s

1310s

1320s

1330s

1340s

1350s

See also

References

Bibliography

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Year	Date	Event
1260	January	Siege of Aleppo (1260): Hulagu Khan takes Aleppo from An-Nasir Yusuf; so ends the Ayyubid dynasty^[1]
		The Principality of Antioch submits to the Mongol Empire^[15]
	6 June	Hulagu Khan receives news of Möngke Khan's death and retreats to Ahlat^[16]
	26 July	Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks advance into Palestine and drive the Mongols from Gaza^[16]
	spring	Hulagu Khan's son Yoshmut and commander Elege of the Jalayir take Mayyafaraqin and Mardin^[1]
	August	Kitbuqa sacks Sidon^[15]
	3 September	Battle of Ain Jalut: Qutuz of the Mamluks defeats Mongol forces under Kitbuqa and push them back to the Euphrates^[16]
	10 December	First Battle of Homs: Baibars defeats a Mongol expedition into Syria^[1]
		Toluid Civil War: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with Ariq Böke and declares war on Hulagu Khan^[17]
1261		Mosul and Cizre rebel^[1]
1262	summer	Rebellions in Mosul and Cizre are suppressed^[1]
	November	Hulagu Khan kills his vizier Saif-ud-Din Bitigchi and replaces him with Shams al-Din Juvayni^[18]
		Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan^[17]
		Hulagu Khan gives Khorasan and Mazandaran to his son Abaqa and Azerbaijan to his other son Yoshmut^[18]
1263	13 January	Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River^[18]
1265	8 February	Hulagu Khan dies and is succeeded by his son Abaqa Khan^[19]
1266		Berke–Hulagu war: Berke dies in Tbilisi and is succeeded by his grandnephew Mengu-Timur^[19]

Year	Date	Event
1270		Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq of the Chagatai Khanate invades the Ilkhanate but suffers defeat at the battle of Qara-Su near Herat^[20]
1271		Samagar raids Qalaat al-Madiq^[21]
1273	January	Yisüder, brother of Abaqa, sacks Bukhara^[22]
1277	15 April	Battle of Elbistan: Mamluks defeat Mongol forces at Elbistan^[19]

Year	Date	Event
1281	29 October	Second Battle of Homs: Abaqa's brother Möngke Temur is defeated by Mamluk forces^[19]
1282		Abaqa dies and is succeeded by his brother Tekuder, a Muslim^[19]
1284		Arghun, son of Abaqa, deposes Tekuder^[19]

Year	Date	Event
1290		Golden Horde attacks Ilkhanate but is defeated by Arghun^[19]
1290		Nawrūz rebels and fails^[19]
1291	7 March	Arghun is murdered by the very unpleasant Taghachar of the Baarin, who then enthrones Gaykhatu, Arghun's brother^[19]
1294		Gaykhatu copies the Yuan dynasty and tries to introduce paper money, which fails fantastically^[19]
1295		Taghachar deposes Gaykhatu and enthrones Baydu^[19]
1295	October	Ghazan, son of Arghun, deposes Baydu and becomes ruler; also a Muslim^[19]
1299	22–23 December	Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar: Ghazan defeats An-Nasir Muhammad of the Mamluks^[23]

Year	Date	Event
1301		Ghazan makes a failed attempt to take Aleppo^[24]
1303	20 April	Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303): Mongol army under Kutlushah is defeated by the Mamluks^[24]
1304	11 May	Ghazan dies and is succeeded by his brother Öljaitü^[19]
1307	June	Ilkhanate tributizes Gilan, Ghazni, and Sistan^[22]
1308	winter	Öljaitü converts to Twelver Shi'ism^[22]

Year	Date	Event
1310		Kurds and Arabs in Erbil massacre the Christian population with the Ilkhanate's permission^[10]
1312		Ilkhanate seizes Ghazni^[25]
1316		Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war: Conflict breaks out between the Chagatai Khanate and the Yuan dynasty and Ilkhanate^[26]
1316	16 December	Öljaitü dies and is succeeded by his son Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan^[22]
1318		Chagataid elements rebel in Khorasan^[22]
1318		Öz Beg Khan attacks the Ilkhanate^[22]
1319	13 July	Chupan defeats Mongol rebellions at the battle of Zanjan-Rud^[22]

Year	Date	Event
1335	30 November	Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan dies and Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din enthrones Arpa Ke'un, a descendant of Ariq Böke; effective end of the Ilkhanate^[27]
1336		Arpa Ke'un is defeated by 'Ali Padsah of Baghdad, who enthrones Musa^[27]
1337		Musa is deposed by Hasan Buzurg, who enthrones Muhammad Khan^[27]
1338		Muhammad Khan is deposed by Hasan Kuchak, who enthrones Jahan Temür^[27]