XIX_Corps_(Union_Army)

XIX Corps (Union Army)

XIX Corps (Union Army)

Military unit

XIX Corps was a corps of the Union Army during the American Civil War. It spent most of its service in Louisiana and the Gulf, though several units fought in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley.

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XIX Corps was created on December 14, 1862, and assigned to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, the commander of the Department of the Gulf. The corps comprised all Union troops then occupying Louisiana and east Texas. It originally consisted of four divisions, numbering 36,000 men.

Port Hudson

In April 1863, the corps was involved in the actions at Fort Bisland and Irish Bend. It operated the Siege of Port Hudson from April 27–July 9, 1863, the fall of which, along with that of Vicksburg, Mississippi, closed off the Mississippi River to Confederate shipping. XIX Corps also gained measure of distinction for being the first Federal unit to use a large number of colored troops in action, particularly against Port Hudson, with Banks giving them due credit for their valiant contributions to the siege.

MG Nathaniel P. Banks

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Red River Campaign

In spring of 1864, the corps took part in Banks' disastrous Red River Campaign, under the command of William B. Franklin, who was wounded at Mansfield. After its conspicuous role in the failure, two divisions under William H. Emory were sent to Virginia to join Phillip Sheridan's operations in the Shenandoah Valley against Jubal Early (see Valley Campaigns of 1864). These troops took part in all of the major engagements of Sheridan's campaign, most notably at Opequon, where they lost some 2,000 men killed or wounded (mostly in Cuvier Grover's division).

Georgia

After this, the corps was sent Savannah, Georgia, where it remained until the end of the war. The XIX Corps was officially disbanded on March 26, 1865, but the corps took part in the Grand Review in Washington, and some of its units remained in Savannah and Louisiana until 1866.

References

  1. [1]
    Weitzel commanded the "Right Flank" of the Union forces during the siege.
  2. [2]
    Eicher p.528
  3. [3]
    Dow was wounded May 27 and was taken prisoner by Confederate cavalry in July while convalescing on a nearby plantation.
  4. [4]
    19th Corps Organization
  5. [5]
    At the time Benedict assumed command the 2nd Brigade consisted of 175th New York, 28th Maine, 48th Massachusetts, 162nd New York; Benedict, Henry Marvin (1866). A memorial of Brevet Brigadier General Lewis Benedict, colonel of 162d regiment N.Y.V.I., who fell in battle at Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864. Albany, N.Y.: J. Munsell. pp. 55. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  6. [6]
    Union Land Forces at Port Hudson - June 30, 1863
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