Xakriabá_language

Xakriabá language

Xakriabá language

Extinct Macro-Je language of Brazil

Xakriabá (also written Chakriaba, Chikriaba, Shacriaba) is an extinct or dormant Akuwẽ (Central Jê) language (Jê, Macro-Jê) formerly spoken in Minas Gerais, Brazil by the Xakriabá people, who today speak Portuguese.[1] The language is known through two short wordlists collected by Augustin Saint-Hilaire and Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.[2]: 14 

Quick Facts Native to, Region ...

The last confirmed native speaker of the language died in 1864.[citation needed]

Phonology

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...
  • /i/ can also be heard as [ɪ] in shortened positions.

Consonants

More information Labial, Alveolar ...
  • Sounds [j] is heard from /i/ before other vowels or within diphthongs.
  • Sounds [ʃ ʒ] are heard as allophones of /s z/.
  • Sounds [tʃ dʒ ɲ] are heard as allophones of /t d n/ when palatalized before /i/.
  • [ɡ] can be heard as an allophone of /k/.[3]

History

Before 1712, Xakriabá was originally spoken along the São Francisco River near São Romão, Minas Gerais[4] (Saint-Hilaire 2000: 340-341).[5] The Xakriabá were then forced to migrate after being defeated by Matias Cardoso de Almeida [pt] and other Paulistas from 1690 onwards. In 1819, Saint-Hilaire (1975: 145)[6] noted that the Xakriabá of Triângulo Mineiro region spoke a Xerente dialect.[4]

References

  1. [1]
    Christopher Moseley (2007). Encyclopedia Of The World's Endangered Languages. London, UK: Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 9780700711970.
  2. [2]
    Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
  3. [3]
    Rodrigues Mota, Liliane (2020). Estudo Sobre o Léxico Akwe Xakriabá: Uma Proposta de Escrita e Uma Chamada para a Revitalização da Língua. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
  4. [4]
    Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
  5. [5]
    Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
  6. [6]
    Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 1975. Viagem à província de Goiás. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.


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