Yati
Yati
Jain scholar
Yati, historically was the general term for a monk or pontiff in Jainism.[1]
In the late medieval period, yati came to represent a stationary monk, who lived in one place rather than wandering as required for a Jain monk.[2] The term was more common for the Śvētāmbara monastics, but was also used by the Digambaras. The term has also been occasionally for ascetics from other traditions.[3]
Some scholars married and were termed sansari yati[4] or mahātmās.[5][6]
Some ruling dynasties in Rajasthan had a close relationship with yatis.[7] Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak mentions that yatis were invited to participate in the discussion on religions.[8]
The stationary yatis often managed institutions and properties. Some of their residences are termed jatiji in their memory.[9]
With the re-establishment of orders of wandering (samvegi) monks since late 19th and early 20th century, the number of yatis have declined significantly.[10][11]
Shripujya
The heads of the institutions of Śvetāmbara yatis were often termed shripujya,[12] similar to Digambara institutions headed by the Bhattarakas. Only a celibate yati could become a shripujya. They have now been replaced by acharyas who head orders of wandering monks.
Prominent Jain yatis
- Yativṛṣabha, 500-570
- Rajendrasuri who was initiated as a yati and later helped transform the Śvetambara Mūrtipūjaka tradition in 1880.
- Yati Lavaji, the founder of the Sthānakavāsī sect about 1653
- Yati Yatanlal, (1894-1967) freedom fighter. There is an award named after him.[13]
- Mãrg, Volume 35, Issues 1-2. Marg Publications. 1983. p. 68.
In sharp contrast there is also a painting in Hampi of a yati or a pontiff being taken in a procession in a palanquin.
- Jain Yati Parampara, Agarchand Nahta, Kesarimalji Surana Abhinandan Granth, 1982, p. 71-78
- http://dictionary.buddhistdoor.com/en/word/91233/yati Buddhist Dictionary
- The A to Z of Jainism Kristi L. Wiley, Scarecrow Press, Jul 16, 2009, p. 240
- "Ramayana - Pages 21 and 22". The colophon in red states that the text was written by the Mahatma Hirananda.
- The Dabistán: Or, School of Manners: The Religious Beliefs, Observances, Philosophic Opinions and Social Customs of the Nations of the East, Fānī Muḣsin, translated by David Shea, Anthony Troyer, M. Walter Dunne, 1901, p. 275-276
- ,अकबर और तत्कालीन भारत, Ed. Irfan Habib, Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 2009 p. 104
- The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions, Penguin UK, Mar 25, 2010
- People of India: Rajasthan, K. S. Singh, Popular Prakashan, Jan 1, 1998 p. 991-994
- Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1, Bombay (India: State), Government Central Press, 1901, p. 109