Yati

Yati

Yati

Jain scholar


Yati, historically was the general term for a monk or pontiff in Jainism.[1]

Jainism

In the late medieval period, yati came to represent a stationary monk, who lived in one place rather than wandering as required for a Jain monk.[2] The term was more common for the Śvētāmbara monastics, but was also used by the Digambaras. The term has also been occasionally for ascetics from other traditions.[3]

Some scholars married and were termed sansari yati[4] or mahātmās.[5][6]

Some ruling dynasties in Rajasthan had a close relationship with yatis.[7] Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak mentions that yatis were invited to participate in the discussion on religions.[8]

The stationary yatis often managed institutions and properties. Some of their residences are termed jatiji in their memory.[9]

With the re-establishment of orders of wandering (samvegi) monks since late 19th and early 20th century, the number of yatis have declined significantly.[10][11]

Shripujya

The heads of the institutions of Śvetāmbara yatis were often termed shripujya,[12] similar to Digambara institutions headed by the Bhattarakas. Only a celibate yati could become a shripujya. They have now been replaced by acharyas who head orders of wandering monks.

Prominent Jain yatis

  • Yativṛṣabha, 500-570
  • Rajendrasuri who was initiated as a yati and later helped transform the Śvetambara Mūrtipūjaka tradition in 1880.
  • Yati Lavaji, the founder of the Sthānakavāsī sect about 1653
  • Yati Yatanlal, (1894-1967) freedom fighter. There is an award named after him.[13]

See also


References

  1. Mãrg, Volume 35, Issues 1-2. Marg Publications. 1983. p. 68. In sharp contrast there is also a painting in Hampi of a yati or a pontiff being taken in a procession in a palanquin.
  2. Jain Yati Parampara, Agarchand Nahta, Kesarimalji Surana Abhinandan Granth, 1982, p. 71-78
  3. The A to Z of Jainism Kristi L. Wiley, Scarecrow Press, Jul 16, 2009, p. 240
  4. "Ramayana - Pages 21 and 22". The colophon in red states that the text was written by the Mahatma Hirananda.
  5. ,अकबर और तत्कालीन भारत, Ed. Irfan Habib, Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 2009 p. 104
  6. The Penguin Handbook of the World's Living Religions, Penguin UK, Mar 25, 2010
  7. People of India: Rajasthan, K. S. Singh, Popular Prakashan, Jan 1, 1998 p. 991-994
  8. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1, Bombay (India: State), Government Central Press, 1901, p. 109

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