Yumen (simplified Chinese: 玉门; traditional Chinese: 玉門; pinyin: Yùmén, literally, "Jade Gate,") is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812 (2002 est.), and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city" (a multi-county administrative unit). It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.
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Quick Facts 玉门市, Country ...
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The city's name is often confused with the Yumen Guan or Jade Gate which is the frontier-pass of ancient times, the entrance to the old Silk Roads, which was situated not far to the west of Dunhuang. Although both Yumen City and Yumen Gate are within Jiuquan, the latter is some 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the west from the former.
In 2014, areas of the city were sealed off after a resident died of the bubonic plague. Districts of the city which house up to 100,000 were turned into quarantine zones. The city allocated 1 million yuan to be used for emergency vaccinations.[2]
The site of Yumen was brought under Chinese control around the end of the 2nd century BCE. Yumen was known as 'Huiji' in the 5th century when the area was reclaimed by the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534/535) and was soon after renamed back to Yumen in 581. Under the Tang dynasty (618–907), Yumen's county seat was located at Chijinzhen which is east of the present Yumen City. The city was then under Tibetan control around 770 CE for some 70 years. After the Tang dynasty, Yumen became a part of the Western Xia (1038–1227). During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the area came under Tibetan control again and was only reestablished later on in the early Qing dynasty (1644–1912).[3]
In 1939, the first oilfield in China was established at Yumen.[3]
Yumen City is divided to 1 subdistrict, 10 towns, 2 ethnic townships and 5 others.[4]
- Subdistricts
- Xinshiqu Subdistrict (新市区街道)
- Towns
- Yumen (玉门镇)
- Chijin (赤金镇)
- Huahai (花海镇)
- Laojunmiao (老君庙镇)
- Huangzhawan (黄闸湾镇)
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- Xiaxihao (下西号镇)
- Liuhe (柳河镇)
- Changma (昌马镇)
- Liuhu (柳湖镇)
- Liudun (六墩镇)
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- Ethnic townships
- Xiaojinwan Dongxiang Ethnic Township (小金湾东乡族乡)
- Dushanzi Dongxiang Ethnic Township (独山子东乡族乡
- Others
- State-owned Horse Drinking Farm (国营饮马农场)
- State-owned Yellow Flower Farm Dongxiangzu Township (国营黄花农场)
- Gansu Nongken Yusheng Agricultural Company (甘肃农垦裕盛农业公司)
- Gansu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Construction Engineering Company (甘肃省农垦建筑工程公司)
- Gansu mining area (甘肃矿区)
Yumen has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk), with an annual total precipitation of 67 millimetres (2.64 in), the majority of which occurs in summer. Winters are long and cold, with a 24-hour average temperature of −9.8 °C (14.4 °F) in January, while summers are very warm, with a July average of 21.7 °C (71.1 °F); the annual mean is 7.13 °C (44.8 °F). The diurnal temperature variation reaches or exceeds 15 °C (27 °F) for much of the year. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 67% in March to 80% in October, the city receives 3,214 hours of bright sunshine annually.
More information Climate data for Yumen (1991–2020 normals), Month ...
Climate data for Yumen (1991–2020 normals) |
Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
23.7 (74.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
6.7 (44.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
15.3 (59.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
7.7 (45.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.1 (46.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
0.9 (33.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) |
1.6 (0.06) |
1.6 (0.06) |
5.1 (0.20) |
4.4 (0.17) |
8.8 (0.35) |
14.9 (0.59) |
13.2 (0.52) |
12.1 (0.48) |
7.7 (0.30) |
2.2 (0.09) |
2.2 (0.09) |
2.6 (0.10) |
76.4 (3.01) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) |
2.6 |
1.4 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
3.5 |
4.4 |
5.9 |
4.6 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
3.4 |
35.8 |
Average snowy days |
5.1 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
0.8 |
2.6 |
5.7 |
21.6 |
Average relative humidity (%) |
56 |
42 |
35 |
30 |
31 |
39 |
46 |
45 |
44 |
40 |
47 |
57 |
43 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours |
215.6 |
211.7 |
253.2 |
277.7 |
311.5 |
308.1 |
306.1 |
299.5 |
281.8 |
273.9 |
223.7 |
210.7 |
3,173.5 |
Percent possible sunshine |
72 |
69 |
68 |
69 |
69 |
69 |
68 |
71 |
77 |
81 |
76 |
73 |
72 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] |
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