Ζ_Virginis
Zeta Virginis
Binary star system in the constellation of Virgo
Zeta Virginis (ζ Virginis, abbreviated Zeta Vir, ζ Vir) is a binary star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo. It is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +3.376 and is located about a half degree south of the celestial equator. Based on parallax measurements obtained during the Hipparcos mission, it is about 74 light-years (23 parsecs) distant from the Sun.
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Virgo |
| Right ascension | 13h 34m 41.591s[1] |
| Declination | –00° 35′ 44.95″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | +3.376[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | A3 V[3] |
| U−B color index | +0.141[2] |
| B−V color index | +0.114[2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | –13.2[2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: –280.48 ± 0.17[1] mas/yr Dec.: +49.05 ± 0.12[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 44.03 ± 0.19 mas[1] |
| Distance | 74.1 ± 0.3 ly (22.71 ± 0.10 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 1.64±0.05[4] |
| Details | |
| ζ Vir A | |
| Mass | 2.041±0.024[4] M☉ |
| Radius | 2.079±0.025[5] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 17.885±0.252[5] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.12 cgs |
| Temperature | 8247±52[5] K |
| Rotational velocity (v sin i) | 222[6] km/s |
| Age | 0.51[7] Gyr |
| ζ Vir B | |
| Mass | 0.168+0.012 −0.016[4] M☉ |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
The two components are designated Zeta Virginis A (officially named Heze /ˈhiːziː/, a mid-20th-century name for the system)[8][9] and B.
ζ Virginis (Latinised to Zeta Virginis) is the system's Bayer designation. The designations of the two components as Zeta Virginis A and B derive from the convention used by the Washington Multiplicity Catalog (WMC) for multiple star systems, and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[10]
Zeta Virginis bore the name Heze in a 1951 publication, Atlas Coeli (Skalnate Pleso Atlas of the Heavens), by Czech astronomer Antonín Bečvář. Its origin is unknown.[5] In 2016, the IAU organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[11] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN decided to attribute proper names to individual stars rather than entire multiple systems.[12] It approved the name Heze for the component Zeta Virginis A on 1 June 2018 and it is now so included in the List of IAU-approved Star Names.[9]
In Chinese, 角宿 (Jiǎo Xiù), meaning Horn (asterism), refers to an asterism consisting of ζ Virginis and Spica.[13] Consequently, the Chinese name for ζ Virginis is 角宿二 (Jiǎo Xiù èr, English: the Second Star of Horn).[14]
The primary, ζ Virginis A, is a main sequence star with a spectral class A3 V,[5] indicating that it is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. This energy is being radiated from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 8,247 K,[5] giving it the white hue of an A-type star.[15] It has twice the mass of the Sun and double the Sun's radius and is about a half billion years old.[5][7]
The star was confirmed by Jan Ovidiu Tercu and Gabriel Cristian Neagu as a variable of DSCT type. The variability has an amplitude of 0.009 magnitudes and a main period of 0.097112 d. Other observed periods are 0.439, 1.069, 0.07691 and 0.07433 d. The variability was discovered during the datamining activity with the goal of increasing the student's investigative competences.[16]
In 2010, a low mass stellar companion was discovered - Zeta Virginis B. Though it has not been under observation for a sufficient length of time to determine accurate orbital elements, it is estimated to be orbiting at an average separation of at least 24.9 AU with an orbital eccentricity of 0.16 or more and orbital period of a minimum of 124 years. This companion may be a red dwarf star, which would explain the observed X-ray flux from this system.[4]
- van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. S2CID 18759600. Vizier catalog entry
- Hipparcos star Zeta Virginis Archived January 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- The stars of Virgo Alcyone Ephemeris
- Hinkley, Sasha (March 2010), "Discovery and Characterization of a Faint Stellar Companion to the A3V Star ζ Virginis", The Astrophysical Journal, 712 (1): 421–428, arXiv:1002.1074, Bibcode:2010ApJ...712..421H, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/712/1/421, S2CID 118468089
- Kaler, James B., "HEZE (Zeta Virginis)", Stars, University of Illinois, retrieved 2018-06-24
- Royer, F.; Zorec, J.; Gómez, A. E. (February 2007), "Rotational velocities of A-type stars. III. Velocity distributions", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 463 (2): 671–682, arXiv:astro-ph/0610785, Bibcode:2007A&A...463..671R, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065224, S2CID 18475298 Data catalog: Bibcode:2006yCat..34630671R
- Su, K. Y. L. (December 2006), "Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 653 (1): 675–689, arXiv:astro-ph/0608563, Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..675S, doi:10.1086/508649, S2CID 14116473
- Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
- "Naming Stars". IAU.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- Hessman, F. V.; Dhillon, V. S.; Winget, D. E.; Schreiber, M. R.; Horne, K.; Marsh, T. R.; Guenther, E.; Schwope, A.; Heber, U. (2010). "On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets". arXiv:1012.0707 [astro-ph.SR].
- "IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)". Retrieved 22 May 2016.
- "WG Triennial Report (2015-2018) - Star Names" (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved 2018-07-14.
- (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
- "The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on 2013-12-03, retrieved 2012-01-16