List_of_official_languages

List of official languages

List of official languages

Add article description

This is a list of official, or otherwise administratively-recognized, languages of sovereign countries, regions, and supra-national institutions. The article also lists lots of languages which have no administrative mandate as an official language, generally describing these as de facto official languages.

See also: List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language

Official languages of sovereign countries, wholly or partly

A

Abkhaz:

Afar:

Afrikaans:

Aja-Gbe:

Akan (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante):

Albanian:

Amharic:

Anii:

Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):

Armenian:

Assamese:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)

Aymara:

Azerbaijani:

B

Balanta:

Bambara:

Bariba:

Basque:

Bassari:

Bedik:

Belarusian:

Bengali:

Berber:

Biali:

Bislama:

Boko:

Bomu:

Bosnian:

Bozo:

Buduma:

Bulgarian:

Burmese:

C

Cantonese:

Catalan:

Chinese, Mandarin:

Chichewa:

Chirbawe (Sena):

Comorian

Corsican :

Croatian:

Czech:

  • Czech Republic
  • Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)

D

Dagaare:

Dagbani:

Dangme

Danish:

Dari:

  • Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)[31]

Dendi:

Dhivehi:

Dioula:

Dogon:

Dutch:

sole official language in:
co-official language in:

Dzongkha:

E

English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):

Estonian:

Ewe-Gbe:

F

Faroese:

Fijian:

Filipino:

Finnish:

Fon-Gbe:

Foodo:

Formosan:

French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):

sole official language in:
co-official language in:
Official language in:

Fula:

G

Ga:

Gàidhlig:

Gbe:

Gen-Gbe:

Georgian:

German:

sole official language in:
Official language in 21 cantons:

Gonja:

Gourmanché

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

  • India

H

Haitian Creole:

Hakka:

Hassaniya:

Hausa:

Hebrew:

Hindi:

Hiri Motu:

Hungarian:

I

Igbo:

Icelandic:

Indonesian:

Irish:

Italian:

Official language in:

J

Japanese:

  • Japan (de facto)
  • Palau (Angaur)

Javanese:

  • native to Java; Indonesia

Jola:

K

Kabye:

Kalanga:

Kannada:

  • India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)

Kanuri:

Kasem:

Kazakh:

Khmer:

Kinyarwanda:

Kirundi:

Kissi

"Koisan" (Tshuwau):

Korean:

Korean Sign Language:

Kpelle:

Kurdish:

Kyrgyz:

L

Lao:

Latin:

Latvian:

Lithuanian:

Lukpa:

Luxembourgish:

M

Macedonian:

Malagasy:

Malay:

Malinke:

Maltese:

Mamara:

Manding (Mandinka, Malinke):

Mandinka:

Mandjak:

Mankanya:

Manx Gaelic:

Māori:

  • New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)

Marshallese:

Mauritian Creole

Mbelime:

Meitei (officially known as Manipuri)

  • India (along with 21 other scheduled languages recognised by the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution)

Mongolian:

Montenegrin:

Mossi:

N

Nambya:

Nateni:

Nauruan

Ndau:

Ndebele (Northern):

Ndebele (Southern):

Nepali:

New Zealand Sign Language:

  • New Zealand (with English and Māori)

Noon:

Northern Sotho:

Norwegian:

  • Norway (two official written forms – Bokmål and Nynorsk)

Nzema:

O

Oniyan:

Oriya

Oromo:

Ossetian:

P

Palauan:

Papiamento:

Pashto:

Persian:

Polish:

Portuguese:

Punjabi:

Q

Quechua:

R

Romanian:

Romansh:

Russian:

S

Safen:

Samoa

Sango

Sena:

Scots

Serbian:

Serer:

Seychellois Creole

Shona:

Sinhala:

Slovak:

Slovene:

Somali:

Songhay-Zarma:

Soninke:

Sotho:

South African Sign Language

Spanish:

Susu:

Swahili:

Swati:

Swedish:

Syenara:

T

Taiwan Sign Language:

Taiwanese Hokkien:

Tajik:

Tagalog:

Tamasheq:

Tamil:

Tammari:

Tasawaq:

Tebu:

Telugu:

Tetum:

Thai:

Tigrinya:

Tok Pisin:

Toma:

Tonga:

Tongan

Tsonga:

Tswana:

Turkish:

Turkmen:

Tuvaluan

U

Ukrainian:

Urdu:

  • Pakistan (with English)
  • India (Urdu dialect and in script it is Sanscrit with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)

Uzbek:

V

Venda:

Vietnamese:

W

Waama:

Waci-Gbe:

Wamey:

Welsh:

Wolof:

X

Xhosa:

Xwela-Gbe:

Y

Yobe:

Yom:

Yoruba:

Z

Zimbabwean sign language:

Zulu:

List of languages by the number of countries in which they are the most widely used

This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official, co-official, an administrative or working language.[66]

More information Language, Number of countries language spoken ...

Official regional and minority languages

Abaza:

Adyghe:

Aghul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Aklanon:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Albanian:

Altay:

Arabic:

Aranese see Occitan

Armenian:

Assamese:

Avar:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Azeri:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Balkar:

Bashkir:

Basque:

Bengali:

Bikol:

  • Luzon and Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Bosnian:

Buryat:

Cantonese Chinese:

  • China:

Catalan:

Cebuano:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Chavacano:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Chechen:

Cherkess:

Cherokee:

Chipewyan:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Chukchi:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Chukchi population)[78]

Chuvash:

Cree:

  • Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Crimean Tatar

  • Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)

Croatian:

Dargwa:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Dolgan:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Dolgan population)[78]

Dutch:

English:

  • parts of Canada:
See also: Official language by province and [[:l1=Official language by province]]
  • The United Kingdom:

Erzya:

Even:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Even population)[78]

Evenki:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Evenki population)[78]

Faroese:

Finnish:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Karelian and Veps)[81]

French:

  • parts of Canada

Frisian (West):

Friulian:

  • The Friuli region of northeastern Italy

Gagauz:

Galician:

  • part of Spain

German:

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

Gwich'in:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Hawaiian:

Hiligaynon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Hindi:

Hungarian:

Ibanag:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Ilocano:

  • Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)[70]

Ingush:

Inuinnaqtun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)

Inuktitut:

  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Inuvialuktun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Irish:

Italian:

Ivatan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Japanese:

Kabardian:

Kalaallisut:

Kalmyk:

Kannada:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Kapampangan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Karachay:

Karelian:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Veps)[81]

Kashmiri:

Kazakh:

Khakas:

Khanty:

Kinaray-a:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Komi:

Komi-Permyak:

Korean:

Kumyk:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Kyrgyz:

Lak:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Lezgian:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Macedonian

Maguindanao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Malayalam:

Mansi:

Maranao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Marathi:

Mari (Hill and Meadow):

Mayan:

Meitei (officially known as Manipuri):

Mi'kmaq:

  • Nova Scotia ("first language"; with English (de facto), French, Scottish Gaelic)

Moksha:

Mongolian:

Náhuatl:

  • Mexico (*only recognized)
  • El Salvador (*only recognized)

Nenets:

Nepali:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Nogai:

Occitan:

Odia:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):

Pangasinan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Portuguese:

Punjabi:

Romanian:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)

Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:

Rusyn:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
  • Ukraine
    • Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)

Rutul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Sakha:

Sambal:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)[70]

Sami:

  • Finland (in four municipalities)
  • Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
  • Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)

Sanskrit:

Saraiki

Sarikoli:

Selkup:

Serbian:

Sindhi:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)
  • Pakistan (Official language in the province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)

North and South Slavey:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Slovak:

  • part of Serbia
    • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)

Slovene:

Spanish:

Surigaonon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Tabasaran:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tagalog:

  • Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Tahitian:

Tamil:

Tat:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tatar:

Tausug:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)[70]

Telugu:

Tibetan:

Tłįchǫ:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)

Tsakhur:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tswana:

Turkish:

Tuvan:

Udmurt:

Urdu:

  • Pakistan (with English as co-official language)
  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Uyghur:

Veps:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Karelian)[81]

Vietnamese:

Waray:

Welsh:

  • Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)

Yakan:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)[70]

Yiddish:

Yukaghir:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Yukaghir population)[78]

Zhuang:

See also

Notes

  1. The sovereignty of Kosovo is disputed. See International recognition of Kosovo.

References

  1. [1]
    (in Russian) Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  2. [2]
    Section 6. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. [3]
    "Article 14. Albanian Constitution". Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  4. [4]
    Article 5. Kosovo Constitution Archived 21 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  5. [5]
    "Albanian becomes the second official language in Macedonia". European Western Balkans. 15 January 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  6. [6]
    Article 5. Ethiopian Constitution
  7. [7]
    Article 4. Constitution of Iraq Archived 13 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  8. [8]
    Article 5. Constitution du Maroc Archived 18 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  9. [9]
    Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales
  10. [10]
    "Armenian Constitution (article 20, English Translation)".
  11. [11]
    "Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic". Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  12. [12]
    Artículo 5. Constitución Política del Estado
  13. [13]
    "Artículo 48. Constitución Política del Perú". Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  14. [14]
    Article 21. Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan
  15. [15]
    Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus Archived 16 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  16. [16]
    3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh Archived 15 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  17. [17]
    "How Bengali became an official language in Sierra Leone". The Indian Express. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  18. [18]
    "Why Bangla is an official language in Sierra Leone". Dhaka Tribune. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  19. [19]
    Loi no02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  20. [20]
    "Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  21. [21]
    Hilary Footitt; Michael Kelly (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-230-36877-4.
  22. [22]
    Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
  23. [23]
    Article 450. Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
  24. [24]
    Article 2. La Constitució del Principat d’Andorra
  25. [25]
    Articles 44, 53, 123. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
  26. [26]
    Yeh, Sophia; Low, Y.F. (19 July 2017). "President lauds efforts in transitional justice for indigenous people". Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  27. [27]
    "National Languages Development Act clears Legislative Yuan". Ministry of Culture, R.O.C. (Taiwan). 25 December 2018. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  28. [28]
    Cheng, Hung-ta; Chung, Jake (30 December 2017). "Hakka made an official language". Taipei Times. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  29. [29]
    Constitution of Zimbabwe 2013 Archived 5 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Africatime.com, 22 March 2013
  30. [30]
    "Article 12. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia". Archived from the original on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  31. [31]
    "Article 16. Constitution of Afghanistan". Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  32. [32]
    Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
  33. [33]
    Article 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  34. [34]
    Section 4. Fiji Constitution
  35. [35]
    "Article 8. Constitution of Ireland 1937" (PDF). p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2012.
  36. [36]
    Article 152 – National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia
  37. [37]
    Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius Archived 2 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  38. [38]
    Namibia – Constitution, servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2 May 2008 (Article 3)
  39. [39]
    "Article 18. Constitution de la République Centrafricaine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  40. [40]
    Article 5. La Constitution de la République d’Haïti
  41. [41]
    "CC 101 Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 18 April 1999, Art. 4 National languages" (official site). Bern, Switzerland: The federal Council. 1 January 2018. Archived from the original on 21 June 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  42. [42]
    "Languages – gov.scot". gov.scot. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  43. [43]
    Article 8. Constitution of Georgia
  44. [44]
    (in Russian) Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия Archived 11 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  45. [45]
    "App. D., Part 1, Art. 3. Constitution of Cyprus". Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  46. [46]
    Artículo 140. Constituciones de la Archived 28 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine ública del Paraguay
  47. [47]
    Article 55. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
  48. [48]
    "Axis Translations". Axis Translations. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
  49. [49]
    "Part XVII. Constitution of India" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  50. [50]
    Article H. Fundamental Law of Hungary
  51. [51]
    Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Archived 7 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  52. [52]
    Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan Archived 20 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  53. [53]
    Article 5. Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
  54. [54]
    Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-61069-018-8.
  55. [55]
    (in Russian) Статья 10. Конституция Кыргызской Республики
  56. [56]
    Shaban, Abdurahman. "One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages". Africa News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  57. [57]
    "Article 2. Constitution of Tajikistan". Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  58. [58]
    "Survista dal Grischun".
  59. [59]
    Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation
  60. [60]
    Article 12. Constitution of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica
  61. [61]
    Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws – e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
  62. [62]
    "Constitution of Paraguay 1992" (PDF).
  63. [63]
    Section 3. Spanish Constitution
  64. [64]
    Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010) Archived 4 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  65. [65]
    "Welsh Language Act 1993". legislation.gov.uk. The Crown. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  66. [66]
    "The world's languages, in 7 maps and charts". 18 April 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  67. [67]
    Article 11 of the Constitution of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
  68. [68]
    Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea
  69. [69]
    Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan
  70. [70]
    DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. 13 July 2013.
  71. [71]
    Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Altay
  72. [72]
    Article 76 of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
  73. [73]
    Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  74. [74]
    Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia
  75. [75]
    Article 108 of the Statute of the Zabaykalsky Krai
  76. [76]
    Article 10 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic
  77. [77]
    "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  78. [78]
    "Article 6 of the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)". Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  79. [79]
    Article 8 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic
  80. [80]
    Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia
  81. [81]
    Law of the Republic of Karelia On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  82. [82]
    Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
  83. [83]
    Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kalmykia
  84. [84]
    Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay On languages Archived 11 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  85. [85]
    Article 69 of the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
  86. [86]
    "Law of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug On the languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North living within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  87. [87]
    "Law of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug On native languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
  88. [88]
    Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Komi
  89. [89]
    Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  90. [90]
    Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El
  91. [91]
    Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania
  92. [92]
    Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
  93. [93]
    Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
  94. [94]
    Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
  95. [95]
    Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tyva
  96. [96]
    Article 8 of the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic
  97. [97]
    "Treće izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF). Government of Croatia. August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  98. [98]
    Government of Croatia. "NAPUTAK ZA DOSLJEDNU PROVEDBU ZAKONA O UPORABI JEZIKA I PISMA NACIONALNIH MANJINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ". Narodne novine. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  99. [99]
    "Registar Geografskih Imena Nacionalnih Manjina Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  100. [100]
    "Bilingual Border Cities Contest Movement to Make English the Official Language". HuffPost. 2 February 2012.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_official_languages, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.