The year 1658 in music involved some significant events.

• Johann Jacob Froberger leaves Vienna for the last time.
• Sir William Davenant's "operatic show," The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, is staged at the Cockpit Theatre in London during the summer.

• Antoine de Cousu – Musique universelle, contenant toute la pratique, et toute la théorie
• Johann Jacob Froberger – Libro terzo, A-Wn Mus.Hs.16560
• Henry Lawes – Ayres and Dialogues for One, Two and Three Voyces, vol. 3
• Etienne Moulinié – Meslanges de sujets Chrestiens ... avec une basse continue, a collection of sacred music

• Johann Rudolf Ahle -- Ich hab's gewagt^[1]
• Louis Couperin – Ave Maris Stella, OL 9
• Andreas Hammerschmidt – chorale: Meinen Jesum laß ich nicht, after Christian Keymann's hymn
• Jean-Baptiste Lully – Ballet d'Alcidiane, LWV 9

• Johann Caspar Kerll – Applausi Festivi

• April 22 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (died 1709)
• October 11 – Christian Heinrich Postel, librettist (died 1705)
• date unknown
  • Maria Francesca Nascimbeni, Italian composer (died 1680)
  • Johann Georg Rauch I, composer (died 1710)
• probable – Jean Desfontaines, composer (died c.1752)

• March – Valentin Dretzel, composer
• September 17 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, lyricist
• August 11 – Antoine de Cousu, composer and theorist
• August 27 – Stefano Fabri, Jr., musician
• November 15 – Jacobus Revius, lyricist
• probable
  • Dario Castello, Italian composer (born c.1590)
  • Henry Ferrabosco, English court musician