Events from the year 1755 in Scotland.

• June – Joseph Black's discovery of carbon dioxide and magnesium is communicated in a paper to the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh.^[1]
• 1 November – Lisbon earthquake felt in Scotland.
• Demographic history of Scotland: First reliable national census conducted by Rev. Alexander Webster, showing the country's population as 1,265,380. Four towns have populations of over 10,000, with Edinburgh the largest with 57,000 inhabitants.^[2]
• Construction of St Ninian's Church, Tynet, the country's oldest surviving post-Reformation Roman Catholic clandestine church.^[3]
• Ironworks established at Furnace, Argyll.
• Work on William Roy's survey of Scotland concludes.^[4]

• 18 January – James Hamilton, 7th Duke of Hamilton (died 1769)
• 21 February – Anne Grant, poet (died 1838)
• 25 June – Archibald Gracie merchant and shipowner (died 1829 in the United States)
• August 5 – James Playfair, Scottish Neoclassical architect (died 1794)
• 17 August – William Paterson, soldier, colonial governor in Australia, explorer and botanist (died 1810 at sea)
• 4 September – Mary FitzMaurice, 4th Countess of Orkney, née O'Brien (died 1831)
• October – George Galloway, poet and playwright
• November – John Dunlop, merchant and songwriter (died 1820)

• 5 June – John Sinclair, Lord Murkle, judge
• 4 October – Sir John Clerk, 2nd Baronet, politician, lawyer, judge and composer (born 1676)

• 25 February – 11-year-old David Allan begins to study painting at the new Foulis Academy in Glasgow.^[5]
• David Dalrymple, as editor, publishes Edom of Gordon: an ancient Scottish poem.

• Timeline of Scottish history