Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1891.

• Brahmagiri first explored by Benjamin L. Rice.

• Peabody Museum (Harvard) - Harvard University project at Copan begins.
• Flinders Petrie works on the temple of Aten at Tell-el-Amarna, discovering a 300-square-foot (28 m²) New Kingdom painted pavement.
• J. Theodore Bent works at Great Zimbabwe.

• May 28 - Gundestrup cauldron, found in Himmerland, Denmark.^[1]

• October - Eugène Dubois finds the first fragmentary bones of Pithecanthropus erectus (later redesignated Homo erectus), or 'Java Man', at Trinil on the Solo River.
• The Saqqara Bird.

• Coins of Ancient India by Sir Alexander Cunningham.
• Dorset Ooser first published.