2020_Missouri_Tigers_football_team
2020 Missouri Tigers football team
American college football season
The 2020 Missouri Tigers football team represented the University of Missouri in the 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Tigers played their home games at Faurot Field in Columbia, Missouri, and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by first-year head coach Eliah Drinkwitz.
Quick Facts Missouri Tigers football, Music City Bowl, No Contest vs. Iowa ...
| 2020 Missouri Tigers football | |
|---|---|
 | |
Music City Bowl, No Contest vs. Iowa | |
| Conference | Southeastern Conference |
| Division | Eastern Division |
| Record | 5–5 (5–5 SEC) |
| Head coach |
|
| Offensive coordinator | Eliah Drinkwitz (1st season) |
| Defensive coordinator | Ryan Walters (3rd season as DC; 6th overall season) |
| Home stadium | Faurot Field |
Seasons | |
Close
More information Conf, Overall ...
| Conf | Overall | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | W | L | W | L | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| East Division | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 13 Florida x | 8 | – | 2 | 8 | – | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 7 Georgia | 7 | – | 2 | 8 | – | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Missouri | 5 | – | 5 | 5 | – | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kentucky | 4 | – | 6 | 5 | – | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tennessee | 3 | – | 7 | 3 | – | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South Carolina | 2 | – | 8 | 2 | – | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vanderbilt | 0 | – | 9 | 0 | – | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| West Division | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 1 Alabama x$#^ | 10 | – | 0 | 13 | – | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 4 Texas A&M | 8 | – | 1 | 9 | – | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Auburn | 6 | – | 4 | 6 | – | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LSU* | 5 | – | 5 | 5 | – | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ole Miss | 4 | – | 5 | 5 | – | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arkansas | 3 | – | 7 | 3 | – | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mississippi State | 3 | – | 7 | 4 | – | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Championship: Alabama 52, Florida 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Close
In a season impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Tigers compiled a 5–5 record, all in conference games. The team was set to face Iowa in the Music City Bowl, but had to withdraw due to COVID-19 issues.[1]
Award watch lists
Listed in the order that they were released
SEC Media Days
In the preseason media poll, Missouri was predicted to finish in sixth place in the East Division.[2]
More information Predicted finish, Team ...
| Media poll (East Division) | ||
| Predicted finish | Team | Votes (1st place) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Florida | 624 (53) |
| 2 | Georgia | 613 (43) |
| 3 | Tennessee | 434 |
| 4 | Kentucky | 405 |
| 5 | South Carolina | 287 |
| 6 | Missouri | 224 |
| 7 | Vanderbilt | 101 |
Close
Staff
More information Name, Position ...
| Name | Position | Seasons at Missouri |
Alma Mater |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eliah Drinkwitz | Head coach | 1 | Arkansas Tech (2004) |
| Charlie Harbison | Associate head coach / defensive backs | 1 | Gardner–Webb (1982) |
| Ryan Walters | Defensive coordinator / safeties | 6 | Colorado (2008) |
| Erik Link | Special teams coordinator | 1 | Drake (2003) |
| Brick Haley | Defensive line | 4 | Alabama A&M (1988) |
| Bush Hamdan | Wide receivers / quarterbacks | 1 | Boise State (2008) |
| Casey Woods | Tight ends / recruiting coordinator | 1 | Tennessee (2006) |
| David Gibbs | Secondary | 2 | Colorado (1990) |
| Marcus Johnson | Offensive line | 1 | Ole Miss (2004) |
| Curtis Luper | Running backs | 1 | Stephen F. Austin (1996) |
| D. J. Smith | Linebackers | 1 | Appalachian State (2010) |
| Andy Lutz | Director of football operations | 1 | Pacific (1991) |
| Zac Woodfin | Director of Athletic Performance | 1 | UAB (2004) |
Close
Roster
More information Players, Coaches ...
| 2020 Missouri Tigers football team roster | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Players | Coaches | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Offense
|
Defense
|
Special teams
|
Roster | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Close
Missouri had games scheduled against BYU, Central Arkansas, Eastern Michigan, and Louisiana, which were all canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[3][4][5]
More information Date, Time ...
| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 26 | 6:00 p.m. | No. 2 Alabama | ESPN | L 19–38 | 11,738 | ||
| October 3 | 11:00 a.m. | at No. 21 Tennessee | SECN | L 12–35 | 21,159 | ||
| October 10 | 11:00 a.m. | at No. 17 LSU |
| SECN Alt. | W 45–41 | 10,013 | |
| October 24 | 3:00 p.m. | Kentucky |
| SECN | W 20–10 | 11,738 | |
| October 31 | 6:30 p.m. | at No. 10 Florida | SECN Alt. | L 17–41 | 12,049 | ||
| November 21 | 6:30 p.m. | at South Carolina | SECN Alt. | W 17–10 | 13,603 | ||
| November 28[b] | 11:00 a.m. | Vanderbilt |
| SECN | W 41–0 | 11,053 | |
| December 5 | 11:00 a.m. | Arkansas |
| SECN | W 50–48 | 11,378 | |
| December 12 | 11:00 a.m. | No. 9 Georgia | No. 25 |
| SECN | L 14–49 | 10,830 |
| December 19 | 2:30 p.m. | at Mississippi State | SECN Alt. | L 32–51 | 11,748 | ||
| December 30 | 3:00 p.m. | Iowa | ESPN | No Contest | |||
| |||||||
Close
- ^[a] The game between Missouri and LSU was originally scheduled to take place in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. However, in light of Hurricane Delta, the game was moved to Columbia.
- ^[b] The game between Vanderbilt and Missouri was originally scheduled to take place on October 17. However, due to COVID-19 management requirements in response to positive tests and subsequent quarantine of individuals within the Vanderbilt program, the game was rescheduled for December 12.[6][7] The SEC postponed Tennessee vs. Vanderbilt to facilitate the rescheduling of the Vanderbilt-Missouri game. The shuffling allows for the opportunity for all 14 SEC teams to play 10 regular-season games.[8][9]
No. 2 Alabama
See also: 2020 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
More information Total ...
|
Close
More information Pregame line, Over/under ...
| Pregame line | Over/under |
|---|---|
| ALA −28.5 | 56 |
Close
More information Statistics, Alabama ...
| Statistics | Alabama | Missouri |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 22 | 20 |
| Total yards | 414 | 322 |
| Rushing yards | 111 | 69 |
| Passing yards | 303 | 253 |
| Turnovers | 1 | 2 |
| Time of possession | 31:25 | 28:35 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Passing | Mac Jones | 18–24, 249 yards, 2 TDs |
| Rushing | Najee Harris | 17 carries, 98 yards, 3 TDs | |
| Receiving | Jaylen Waddle | 8 receptions, 134 yards, 2 TDs | |
| Missouri | Passing | Shawn Robinson | 19–25, 185 yards, 1 TD |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 14 carries, 67 yards | |
| Receiving | Jalen Knox | 5 receptions, 63 yards |
Close
At No. 21 Tennessee
See also: 2020 Tennessee Volunteers football team
More information Period, Total ...
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 12 |
| No. 21 Tennessee | 7 | 14 | 7 | 7 | 35 |
Close
Missouri at Tennessee
at Neyland Stadium, Knoxville, TN
- Date: October 3
- Game time: 12:00 p.m.
- Game weather: Sunny, 55 °F (13 °C)
- Game attendance: 21,159
- Referee: Steve Marlow
- TV announcers (SECN): Dave Neal (play-by-play), D. J. Shockley (color), and Dawn Davenport (sidelines)
No. 17 LSU
See also: 2020 LSU Tigers football team
More information Total ...
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 17 LSU | 14 | 10 | 17 | 0 | 41 |
| Missouri | 14 | 10 | 14 | 7 | 45 |
Close
Kentucky
See also: 2020 Kentucky Wildcats football team
More information Period, Total ...
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wildcats | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 10 |
| Tigers | 7 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 20 |
Close
Kentucky vs. Missouri
More information Statistics, UK ...
| Statistics | UK | MIZ |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 8 | 26 |
| Total yards | 145 | 421 |
| Rushing yards | 95 | 220 |
| Passing yards | 50 | 201 |
| Turnovers | 1 | 0 |
| Time of possession | 16:50 | 43:10 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kentucky | Passing | Terry Wilson | 4/11, 38 yards, TD |
| Rushing | Chris Rodriguez Jr. | 9 carries, 48 yards | |
| Receiving | Josh Ali | 4 receptions, 47 yards, TD | |
| Missouri | Passing | Connor Bazelak | 21/30, 201 yards |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 37 carries, 126 yards, 2 TD | |
| Receiving | Jalen Knox | 5 receptions, 60 yards |
Close
At No. 10 Florida
See also: 2020 Florida Gators football team
More information Period, Total ...
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | 0 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 17 |
| No. 10 Florida | 6 | 14 | 14 | 7 | 41 |
Close
More information Game information ...
| Game information | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Close
Missouri Tigers at No. 10 Florida Gators – Game summary
at Ben Hill Griffin Stadium • Gainesville, FL
- Date: October 31, 2020
- Game time: 7:30 p.m.
- Game weather: Temperature: 76 °F (24 °C) • Wind: NE at 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) • Weather: Clear
- Game attendance: 12,049
- Referee: David Smith
- TV announcers (SECN Alt.): Mike Morgan, Hutson Mason, Taylor Davis[11]
- Boxscore
At South Carolina
More information Period, Total ...
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tigers | 7 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| Gamecocks | 0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 10 |
Close
More information Game information ...
| Game information |
|---|
|
Close
Missouri Tigers (2–3) at South Carolina Gamecocks (2–5)
More information Statistics, MIZ ...
| Statistics | MIZ | SC |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 19 | 18 |
| Total yards | 301 | 283 |
| Rushes/yards | 34/98 | 36/114 |
| Passing yards | 203 | 169 |
| Passing: Comp–Att–Int | 21-33-1 | 20-33-1 |
| Time of possession | 28:34 | 31:26 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | Passing | Connor Bazelak | 21-33, 203 yards, 1 TD, 1 INT |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 21 carries, 58 yards, 1 TD | |
| Receiving | Keke Chism | 6 receptions, 57 yards | |
| South Carolina | Passing | Luke Doty | 14-23, 130 yards, 1 INT |
| Rushing | Luke Doty | 11 carries, 59 yards | |
| Receiving | Nick Muse | 6 receptions, 67 yards |
Close
Vanderbilt
See also: 2020 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
More information Total ...
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commodores | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tigers | 7 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 41 |
Close
Statistics
More information Statistics, VAN ...
| Statistics | VAN | MIZ |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 13 | 31 |
| Total yards | 185 | 603 |
| Rushing yards | 82 | 223 |
| Passing yards | 103 | 380 |
| Turnovers | 1 | 0 |
| Time of possession | 27:10 | 32:50 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vanderbilt | Passing | Ken Seals | 11/18, 79 yards |
| Rushing | Keyon Henry-Brooks | 15 rushes, 64 yards | |
| Receiving | Camron Johnson | 5 receptions, 33 yards | |
| Missouri | Passing | Connor Bazelak | 30/37, 318 yards |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 21 rushes, 160 yards, 3 TD | |
| Receiving | Tyler Badie | 7 receptions, 102 yards |
Close
Arkansas
See also: 2020 Arkansas Razorbacks football team
More information Period, Total ...
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Razorbacks | 6 | 21 | 6 | 15 | 48 |
| Tigers | 10 | 10 | 3 | 27 | 50 |
Close
More information Game information ...
| Game information |
|---|
|
Close
Game Eight – Arkansas Razorbacks (3–5) vs. Missouri Tigers (4–3)
at Faurot Field • Columbia, Missouri
- Date: Saturday, December 5, 2020
- Game time: 11:00 a.m. CST
- Game weather: Clear • Temperature: 52 °F (11 °C) • Wind: W 3 mph
- Game attendance: 11,738
- Referee: Lee Hedrick
- TV announcers (SEC Network): Dave Neal (play-by-play), D. J. Shockley (analyst), Dawn Davenport (sideline)
- Pregame line: Missouri −2.5 • Odds to win: Missouri 62.0%
More information Statistics, ARK ...
| Statistics | ARK | MIZ |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 34 | 37 |
| Plays–yards | 84–566 | 87–653 |
| Rushes–yards | 50–292 | 38–273 |
| Passing yards | 274 | 380 |
| Passing: comp–att–int | 18–34–0 | 32–49–0 |
| Time of possession | 26:28 | 33:32 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas | Passing | KJ Jefferson | 18/33, 274 yards, 3 TD |
| Rushing | Trelon Smith | 26 carries, 172 yards, 3 TD | |
| Receiving | Treylon Burks | 10 receptions, 206 yards, 1 TD | |
| Missouri | Passing | Connor Bazelak | 32/49, 380 yards |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 27 carries, 185 yards, 3 TD | |
| Receiving | Keke Chism | 6 receptions, 113 yards |
Close
No. 9 Georgia
See also: 2020 Georgia Bulldogs football team
More information Total ...
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. 9 Georgia | 14 | 7 | 21 | 7 | 49 |
| No. 25 Missouri | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
Close
At Mississippi State
More information Total ...
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tigers | 7 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 32 |
| Bulldogs | 14 | 13 | 7 | 17 | 51 |
Close
Statistics
More information Statistics, MIZ ...
| Statistics | MIZ | MSST |
|---|---|---|
| First downs | 22 | 24 |
| Total yards | 342 | 446 |
| Rushing yards | 101 | 151 |
| Passing yards | 241 | 295 |
| Turnovers | 4 | 3 |
| Time of possession | 28:57 | 31:03 |
Close
More information Team, Category ...
| Team | Category | Player | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | Passing | Connor Bazelak | 22–38, 225 yards, 2 TD, 3 INT |
| Rushing | Larry Rountree III | 25 rushes, 121 yards, 2 TD | |
| Receiving | Keke Chism | 6 receptions, 64 yards, TD | |
| Mississippi State | Passing | Will Rogers | 21–36, 295 yards, 3 TD, INT |
| Rushing | Jo'Quavious Marks | 12 rushes, 70 yards, TD | |
| Receiving | Jaden Walley | 5 receptions, 129 yards, TD |
Close
Further information: 2020 NCAA Division I FBS football rankings
See also: 2021 NFL Draft
More information Round, Pick ...
| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL club |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 58 | Nick Bolton | ILB | Kansas City Chiefs |
| 4 | 143 | Tyree Gillespie | S | Las Vegas Raiders |
| 5 | 151 | Larry Borom | OT | Chicago Bears |
| 6 | 188 | Joshuah Bledsoe | S | New England Patriots |
| 6 | 198 | Larry Rountree III | RB | Los Angeles Chargers |
Close
- Cobb, David (December 27, 2020). "2020 Music City Bowl canceled as COVID-19 outbreak forces Missouri to pull out of game vs. Iowa". CBS Sports. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
- "Preseason SEC media poll, All-SEC Team announced". SECSports.com. Southeastern Conference. September 23, 2020.
- Talty, John (July 30, 2020). "SEC moves to conference-only 2020 schedule, pushes back start of season". AL.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- Dellenger, Ross. "Sources: SEC Adopts Conference-Only Schedule With Sept. 26 Start". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
- Dellenger, Ross (August 7, 2020). "SEC's New Schedule: Winners, Losers and... Mizzou". si.com. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
- "2020 Football Schedule Announced" (Press release). Vanderbilt University Department of Athletics. August 7, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2020.