Burin,_Nablus

Burin, Nablus

Burin, Nablus

Municipality type C in Nablus, State of Palestine

This article is about the Palestinian village in Nablus Governate. For other uses, see Burin.

Burin (Arabic: بورين) is a Palestinian village in the Nablus Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the northern West Bank, located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) southwest of Nablus. The town had a population of 2,844 in 2017.[1]

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History

The name itself may conserve the toponym of Beera mentioned in the Book of Judges 9:21.[3]

In the 12th and 13th centuries, during the Crusader era, Burin was inhabited by Muslims, according to the historian Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi.[4] In 1176, a part of the tithes from the village was pledged to the Church of Mount Zion, but there is no evidence that it was ever collected.[5]

The founder of the Banu Ghawanima family, Shaykh Ghanim, was born in the village in 1166 and entered Jerusalem with the army of Saladin in 1187.[4][6][7] He was appointed as the sheikh of the city's al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque founded by Saladin in 1187 and he and his descendants served as the head judges of the Shafi'i fiqh (Islamic school of law) in Jerusalem.[7] The Ghawanima Minaret (commons) and Bab al-Ghawanima gate (commons) of the Haram esh-Sharif were both named after the family.[7][8]

Ottoman era

Burin was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Jabal Qubal, part of the Nablus Sanjak. It had a population of 120 households and 5 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 33.3% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olives, and goats or beehives, and a press for olives or grapes; a total of 26,445 akçe.[9] The family of the Damascene scholar al-Hasan al-Burini (d. 1615) hailed from Burin.[10]

The village was destroyed during conflicts involving Zahir al-Omar, but it was likely rebuilt shortly afterwards.[11]

In 1838, it was noted as Baurin, located in Jurat Amra, south of Nablus.[12] Robinson further noted that it was "a large village, or rather a market town."[13]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Thani, subordinate to Nablus.[14]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Burin as a "large village in a valley, with a spring in the middle and a few olives."[15]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Burin had a population of 901, all Muslims,[16] while in the 1931 census it had 215 houses and a population of 859 Muslims.[17]

In the 1945 statistics, Burin (with Iraq Burin) had a population of 1,200, all Muslims,[18] with 19,096 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 1,797 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 8,741 used for cereals,[20] while 106 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[21]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Burin came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 2,068 inhabitants in Burin.[22]

Post-1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Burin has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 20% of the village land was classified as Area B, the remaining 80% as Area C.[23] Israel has confiscated land from Burin in order to construct 2 Israeli settlements: 621 dunams for Bracha, and 233 dunams for Yizhar.[24]

Demographics

In the 1997 census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Burin had a population of 1,915. Palestinian refugees and their descendants accounted for 57.1% of the inhabitants.[25] According to the PCBS, the town had a population of 2,573 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.[26] The town had a population of around 2,800 in 2008.[27]

Most of the locals in Asira al-Qibliya, another village in the vicinity, have their origins in Burin.[11]

Expropriation and settler violence

According to villagers and a Palestinian official, on November 12th, 2009, settlers from the Yitzhar settlement cut down or uprooted between 81 and 97 olive trees.[28][29]

The land and water resources of Burin has gradually been reduced since the 1967 Israeli occupation, due to the expropriation for Israeli settlements and military bases. Since 1982, more than 2,000 dunams of Burins land was first declared "state land" and then handed over to the settlers of Har Brakha.[30]

In 2008, a yeshiva student from Yitzhar was arrested after a failed rocket attack on Burin.[31] After Israeli police demolished a trailer home in Adei Ad, a group of settlers from Yitzhar vandalized cars, smashed windows and cut electricity wires in Burin.[32][33] From mid-June 2008 to August 2008 the human rights group Yesh Din documented nine attacks on Palestinian families living in Burin allegedly carried out by settlers living in outposts near Yitzhar or Har Brakha.[34] Cases of "disturbances of the peace", a term referring to harm caused to Palestinians and their property, as well as harm to Israeli security forces, by Israeli citizens, rose in 2008, with 429 incidents in the first half of 2008, compared with 587 incidents in all of 2006 and 551 in 2007.[35]

In February 2010, an 18-year-old Palestinian from Burin was shot and wounded by a settler security guard, which the settlers said took place after Palestinians threw stones at them.[36]

There has been several attacks from Israeli settlers in Burin.[27][37][38][39] Olive harvest days are coordinated with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and large clans in the area to prevent violence and vandalism. 7,714 Palestinian-owned trees were damaged during the first months of 2013. According to a report by Yesh Din, Burin had lost the most trees. A spokesman for the Israeli governing body in the West Bank said that were also cases where Palestinians has damaged trees owned by Israel, but they were fewer.[40]

In 2019, Jewish settlers physically assaulted Israeli human rights activists in Burin. The human rights activists had arrived at the village to assist Palestinian farmers to harvest their olive trees and were attacked by masked assailants with iron rods and hurled stones.[41] Three days later, another incident took place in Burin as masked settlers again promoted a stone attack against Palestinian farmers on Palestinian agricultural land near Burin; two Palestinians were harmed and taken to a hospital in Nablus, and none of the settlers were arrested.[42]

In 2022, Israeli human rights activists were again attacked by Jewish settlers near Burin, where the activists had come to help Palestinian farmers plant trees in areas that had been damaged or vandalized in previous attacks. Seven of the Israeli activists were wounded by the settlers in the attack, which was labeled by the Israeli public security Minister as "terrorism".[43]

References

  1. [1]
    Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. [2]
    Palmer, 1881, p. 181
  3. [3]
    Israel Finkelstein and Oded Lipschits, 'Geographical and Historical Observations on the old North Israelite Gideon tale in Judges,' Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 2017; 129(1): 1–18 p.13
  4. [4]
    Ellenblum, 2003, pp. 244, 263
  5. [5]
    Röhricht, 1893, RHH, pp. 153 -154, No. 576; cited in Ellenblum, 2003, p. 224
  6. [6]
    Moudjir ed-dyn, 1876, p. 133
  7. [7]
    Auld, Hillenbrand and Natsheh 2000, pp. 66, 146.
  8. [8]
    Necipoglu 2008, p. 20.
  9. [9]
    Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 132.
  10. [10]
    Mullazadih 2013, p. 45.
  11. [11]
    Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 352
  12. [12]
    Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 127
  13. [13]
    Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 94
  14. [14]
    Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 252.
  15. [15]
    Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 162
  16. [16]
    Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. 24
  17. [17]
    Mills, 1932, p.60
  18. [18]
    Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 18
  19. [19]
    Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 59
  20. [20]
    Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 105
  21. [21]
    Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 155
  22. [22]
    Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 15
  23. [23]
    Burin Village Profile ARIJ, p. 17
  24. [24]
    Burin Village Profile ARIJ, p. 18
  25. [25]
    Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Archived 2011-11-14 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). Nablus Governorate. 1998.
  26. [26]
    Projected Mid -Year Population for Nablus Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Archived 2008-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
  27. [27]
    Confiscation of more Palestinian Lands in Burin village for the expansion of Bracha Settlement Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine 1 May 2009, ARIJ
  28. [28]
    "Palestinians say dozens of trees cut down by settlers". Ynet. 2009-11-12.
  29. [29]
    "Settlers chop down olive trees south of Nablus". Ma'an. 2009-11-12.
  30. [30]
    How dispossession happens. The humanitarian impact of the takeover of Palestinian springs by Israeli settlers Archived 2014-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, March 2012, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory
  31. [31]
    Ha'aretz Settler arrested in failed rocket attack on Palestinian town. retrieved 26 July 2008
  32. [32]
    Ha'aretz Settler holds knife to IDF soldier's throat in West Bank riot. retrieved 26 July 2008
  33. [33]
    Arutz Sheva Police Violence in Yitzhar, Locals Complain to AG retrieved 26 July 2008
  34. [34]
    Special feature / The land of unchecked settler harassment 15 August 2008, Avi Issacharoff, Ha'aretz
  35. [35]
    Ha'aretz 15 August 2008 Behind closed doors, police admit "turning a blind eye" to settler violence By Uri Blau
  36. [36]
    Saed Bannoura, IMEMC News, Feb. 10, 2010
  37. [37]
    Burin olive orchards under settlers' attack 29, December, 2005, ARIJ Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  38. [38]
    "Setting 1200 Olive Trees Alight in Burin village – Nablus Governorate 17, July, 2011, ARIJ". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
  39. [39]
    Ravaging 17 Olive Trees in Khallet Siwar, Burin Village - Nablus Governorate 11, May, 2012, ARIJ Archived December 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  40. [40]
    In a harvest, Palestinians cast a light on hardship, Jodi Rudoren, Oct. 22, 2013, The New York Times
  41. [41]
    "Rabbis Say Settlers Attacked Them While Helping Palestinian Farmers in West Bank". Haaretz. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  42. [42]
    "Settlers Attack Three Palestinians Near West Bank Village". Haaretz. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  43. [43]
    "Israel's Public Security Minister: Settler Attack on Activists Is 'Terrorism'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2022-01-26.

Bibliography
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