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The town was originally a settlement of Old Prussian tribe of Pomesanians.[2] Settlement dates back to the Early Middle Ages.[3][4] The oldest name is Sirgune, from which the historic Polish name Dzierzgoń comes from.[5]
In 1247, a castle known as Neu Christburg (German for "New Castle of Christ") was founded overlooking the Dzierzgoń river, a few kilometers away from an older fortress known as Alt Christburg (Stary Dzierzgoń) by Teutonic Knights brought to Poland by Konrad I of Masovia.[2] In 1249 a peace treaty was signed at the new castle between the victorious Teutonic Order and defeated local Old Prussians, in presence of papal legate, future Pope Urban IV.[4] In 1254, the town which had developed near the castle was first referred to as Christburg (in Polish known as Kiszpork). Within the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order, Christburg was an administrative seat for the regional Komtur. Both Polish and German settlement began around 1280.[6] By 1288 the settlement was granted town rights.[7][5]
Following the victorious Battle of Grunwald, in 1410, Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło stayed in the castle, after it was abandoned by the Teutonic Knights.[3] In the castle, the king received delegations from the city of Elbląg, which then pledged allegiance to him and recognized his authority.[4] In 1411, the Poles left the castle, and the Teutonic Knights retook it.[3] The castle was captured by Poles again in 1414.[4][8]
In 1920, after World War I and the reestablishment of independent Poland, a plebiscite was held to determine whether the region would be part of Germany or Poland. In the town 2,571 inhabitants voted to remain in Weimar GermanEast Prussia, 13 votes supported Poland, thus the town remained part of Germany.[13] Over the time span 1919–39 Christburg belonged to the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen in the Province of East Prussia, and from 26 October 1939 until 1945 to Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the new province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.
During World War II, within today's town limits, the Germans established and operated a forced labour subcamp of the German military prison in Grudziądz in German-occupied Poland.[14] In the final stages of the war the town's populace was evacuated by the Germans on January 21–22, and on January 24, 1945 the German administration left the town, which then fell to the Soviets.[7] The first local Polish official was appointed in April 1945.[15] Several months later the town was handed over to Poland, and the name Dzierzgoń, based on an Old PrussianZirgūni name, was restored. At the turn of 1945 and 1946, the Polish resistance movement carried out successful attacks against communists and Soviets, acquiring weapons, uniforms and money.[15] The town was resettled by Poles from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union and Ukrainians expelled from southeast Poland in 1947. The former Roman Catholic Cloister is now a Ukrainian Eastern Rite Catholic Church.
Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom II (in Polish). Warszawa. 1881. p.280.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Program Ochrony Środowiska dla powiatu sztumskiego na lata 2004 - 2011 (in Polish). Sztum. 2004. p.13.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.). Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu (in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. pp.138, 140, 145.
Daniluk, Jan (2012). "Wykorzystanie siły roboczej jeńców wojennych w XX Okręgu Wojskowym w latach II wojny światowej (zarys problemu)". Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny (in Polish). 35. Opole: 28.
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