Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, ruled by the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty, was formed in 1918 by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austria-Hungary, encompassing Bosnia and Herzegovina and most of Croatia and Slovenia) and Banat, Bačka and Baranja (that had been part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia. In the same year, the Kingdom of Montenegro also proclaimed its unification with Serbia, whereas the regions of Kosovo and Vardar Macedonia had become parts of Serbia prior to the unification.^[1] The first country in the world to officially recognize the new state was the United States.^[2] After the creation of Yugoslavia the newly formed state was a status quo state in Europe which was opposed to revisionist states.^[3] In this situation the country prominently was a part of the Little Entente and the first Balkan Pact. Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact resulted in Yugoslav coup d'état and ultimately the Invasion of Yugoslavia.

World War II

During the World War II in Yugoslavia the country was formally represented by the Yugoslav government-in-exile while Yugoslav Partisans headed by Josip Broz Tito progressively gained support of the Allies. At the same time the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia challenged the authority of the government in exile and among other issues proposed a review of country's international legal obligations with the aim of annulment or re-negotiation.^[4] The new foreign policy was based on the pre-war and war era foreign policy positions of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia which included support for the Soviet Union, Bavarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Yugoslav support for the Spanish Republic, rejection of Anschluss and vocal support for Czechoslovakia’s independence after Munich Agreement.^[4] The new socialist Federal Executive Council of Josip Broz Tito was formed on 7 March 1945, recognized by United Kingdom on 20 March 1945, and the Soviet Union and the United States a week after that.^[4]

Socialist Yugoslavia

During the first post-war years new Yugoslav state was closely aligned with the Soviet Union and involved into dispute over the Free Territory of Trieste and the Greek Civil War. In May 1945, 4,650 Greek refugees, mostly male members of ELAS, settled in the village of Maglić with the help of Yugoslav government. From 1945 to 1948, it was a sui generis case of Greek extraterritorial jurisdiction.^[5] This period was sharply ended in 1948 after the Tito–Stalin split.

Yugoslavia initially pursued development of relations among non-bloc neutral European states as a way to avoid isolation and preserve certain level of independence without alienating major powers. In this period Yugoslavia joined the Second Balkan Pact. Belgrade however perceived that in deeply divided Europe there was shrinking maneuvering space for neutral countries and followed the development of what will be called process of Finlandization with great concern. In 1956 the Belgrade declaration ended the period of significant dependence on the Western bloc. The Declaration guaranteed noninterference in Yugoslavia’s internal affairs and legitimized right to different forms of socialist development in different countries.^[6] While the declaration failed in achieving lasting rapprochement between the two countries (result of the Yugoslav anxiety over the Hungarian Revolution of 1956) it had an effect on Yugoslav disengagement from the Balkan Pact with NATO member states of Turkey and Greece.^[7]

Yugoslavia subsequently discovered new allies among former colonies and mandate territories beyond Europe.^[8] Yugoslavia supported Egypt during the Suez Crisis. Yugoslavia developed its relations with India beginning with the time of their concurrent mandate at the UN Security Council from the end of 1949 onward.^[9] Yugoslavia was one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement which enabled this comparatively small and underdeveloped country to play one of the most prominent diplomatic role during the Cold War.

Yugoslav crisis which escalated into breakup of the country and Yugoslav Wars turned into one of the major policy and security issues in the first decade after the end of the Cold War.

Africa

More information Country, Independence ...

Country	Independence	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Algeria	5 July 1962[10]	2 July 1962[10]	Main article: Algeria–Yugoslavia relations
Angola	11 November 1975[10]	1975[10]	Main article: Angola–Yugoslavia relations
Benin	1 August 1960[10]	1962[10]
Botswana	30 September 1966[10]	1970[10]
Burkina Faso	5 August 1960[10]	1968[10]
Burundi	1 July 1962[10]	1962[10]	Main article: Burundi–Yugoslavia relations
Cameroon	1 January 1960[10]	1960[10]
Cape Verde	5 July 1975[10]	1975[10]	Main article: Cape Verde–Yugoslavia relations
Central African Republic	13 August 1960[10]	1960[10]
Chad	11 August 1960[10]	1966[10]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	30 June 1960[10]	1961[10]	Main article: Democratic Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations
Republic of the Congo	15 August 1960[10]	1964[10]	Main article: Republic of the Congo–Yugoslavia relations
Djibouti	27 June 1977[10]	1978[10]
Egypt	28 February 1922[10]	1 February 1908 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[10]	Main article: Egypt–Yugoslavia relations
Equatorial Guinea	12 October 1968[10]	1970[10]
Ethiopia	never colonized in a classical sense (temporary Italian occupation)[10]	1952[10]	Main article: Ethiopia–Yugoslavia relations
Gabon	17 August 1960[10]	1960[10]	Main article: Gabon–Yugoslavia relations
Gambia	18 February 1965[10]	1965[10]
Ghana	6 March 1957[10]	1959[10]	Main article: Ghana–Yugoslavia relations
Guinea	2 October 1958[10]	1958[10]
Guinea-Bissau	10 September 1974[10]	1975[10]
Ivory Coast	7 August 1960[10]	1968[10]
Kenya	12/20 December 1963[10]	1963[10]
Lesotho	4 October 1966[10]	1972[10]
Liberia	26 July 1847[10]	1959[10]
Libya	24 December 1951[10]	1955[10]	Main article: Libya–Yugoslavia relations
Madagascar	26 June 1960[10]	1960[10]
Mali	22 September 1960[10]	1961[10]
Mauritania	28 November 1960[10]	1961[10]
Morocco	2 March 1956[10]	2 March 1957[10]	Main article: Morocco–Yugoslavia relations
Mauritius	12 March 1968[10]	1969[10]
Mozambique	25 June 1975[10]	1975[10]
Namibia	21 March 1990[10]	1990[10]
Nigeria	1 October 1960[10]	1960[10]	Main article: Nigeria–Yugoslavia relations
Rwanda	1 July 1962[10]	1971[10]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic		28 November 1984[11]	Main article: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic–Yugoslavia relations
Sao Tome and Principe	12 July 1975[10]	1977[10]
Seychelles	29 June 1976[10]	1977[10]	Main article: Seychelles–Yugoslavia relations
Senegal	20 August 1960[10]	1961[10]
Sierra Leone	27 April 1961[10]	1961[10]	Main article: Sierra Leone–Yugoslavia relations
Somalia	1 July 1960[10]	1960[10]
Sudan	1 January 1956[10]	1956[10]	Main article: Sudan–Yugoslavia relations
Swaziland	6 September 1968[10]	1968[10]
Tanzania	1961, 26 April 1964 (unification)[10]	1961[10]	Main article: Tanzania–Yugoslavia relations
Togo	27 April 1960[10]	1960[10]
Tunisia	20 March 1956[10]	1957[10]	Main article: Tunisia–Yugoslavia relations
Uganda	9 October 1962[10]	1963[10]	Main article: Uganda–Yugoslavia relations
Zambia	24 October 1964[10]	1964[10]	Main article: Yugoslavia–Zambia relations
Zimbabwe	18 April 1980[10]	1980[10]	Main article: Yugoslavia–Zimbabwe relations

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Americas

More information Country, Formal Relations ...

Country	Formal Relations	Notes
Argentina	29 February 1928[12]	Main article: Argentina–Yugoslavia relations
Bahamas		Main article: Bahamas–Yugoslavia relations
Barbados		Main article: Barbados–Yugoslavia relations
Bolivia	1952[13]	Main article: Bolivia–Yugoslavia relations
Brazil	1938[14]	Main article: Brazil–Yugoslavia relations
Canada	9 February 1942[15]	Main article: Canada–Yugoslavia relations
Chile	1935[16]	Main article: Chile–Yugoslavia relations
Colombia	1966[17]	Main article: Colombia–Yugoslavia relations
Costa Rica	1952[18]	Main article: Costa Rica–Yugoslavia relations
Cuba	1943[19]	Main article: Cuba–Yugoslavia relations
Dominica		Main article: Dominica–Yugoslavia relations
Dominican Republic	1 March 1912 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[20]	Main article: Dominican Republic–Yugoslavia relations
Ecuador	1956[21]	Main article: Ecuador–Yugoslavia relations
El Salvador	1956[22]	Main article: El Salvador–Yugoslavia relations
Grenada	29 June 1978[23]	Main article: Grenada–Yugoslavia relations
Guatemala	1882 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[24]	Main article: Guatemala–Yugoslavia relations
Guyana	5 November 1968[25]	Main article: Guyana–Yugoslavia relations
Haiti	1956[26]	Main article: Haiti–Yugoslavia relations
Honduras	1904 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[27]	Main article: Honduras–Yugoslavia relations
Jamaica	October 1968[28]	Main article: Jamaica–Yugoslavia relations
Mexico	24 May 1946[29]	Main article: Mexico–Yugoslavia relations
Nicaragua	23 February 1904 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[30]	Main article: Nicaragua–Yugoslavia relations
Panama	1953[31]	Main article: Panama–Yugoslavia relations
Paraguay	1950[32]	Main article: Paraguay–Yugoslavia relations
Peru	1942[28]	Main article: Peru–Yugoslavia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 1942, and renewed them in 1968. An embassy was opened in Belgrade that same year, with the first Peruvian Ambassador arriving in 1969.
Suriname	9 July 1976[33]	Main article: Suriname–Yugoslavia relations
Trinidad and Tobago	1965[34]	Main article: Trinidad and Tobago–Yugoslavia relations
Uruguay	1950[35]	Main article: Uruguay–Yugoslavia relations
United States		Main article: United States–Yugoslavia relations
Venezuela	1951[36]	Main article: Venezuela–Yugoslavia relations

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Asia-Pacific

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Afghanistan	30 December 1954[37]	Main article: Afghanistan–Yugoslavia relations
Australia	1966[38]	Main article: Australia–Yugoslavia relations
Bangladesh	20 November 1956[39]	Main article: Bangladesh–Yugoslavia relations
Burma	29 December 1950[40]	Main article: Burma–Yugoslavia relations
Cambodia	15 July 1956[41]	Main article: Cambodia–Yugoslavia relations
China	2 January 1955[42]	Main article: China–Yugoslavia relations
Fiji	1976[43]	Main article: Fiji–Yugoslavia relations
India	5 December 1948[44]	Main article: India–Yugoslavia relations
Indonesia	1954[45]	Main article: Indonesia–Yugoslavia relations
Iran	1945[46]	Main article: Iran–Yugoslavia relations
Iraq	1958[47]	Main article: Iraq–Yugoslavia relations
Israel	19 May 1948[lower-alpha 1][48]	Main article: Israel–Yugoslavia relations
Japan		Main article: Japan–Yugoslavia relations
Jordan	1951[49]	Main article: Jordan–Yugoslavia relations
Kuwait	7 May 1963[50]	Main article: Kuwait–Yugoslavia relations
Laos	25 November 1962[51]	Main article: Laos–Yugoslavia relations
Lebanon	1946[52]	Main article: Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations
Malaysia	1967[53]	Main article: Malaysia–Yugoslavia relations
Maldives		Main article: Maldives–Yugoslavia relations
Mongolia	20 November 1956[54]	Main article: Mongolia–Yugoslavia relations
Nepal	7 October 1959[55]	Main article: Nepal–Yugoslavia relations
New Zealand	1951[56]	Main article: New Zealand–Yugoslavia relations
North Korea	30 October 1948	Main article: North Korea–Yugoslavia relations
Oman	1974[57]	Main article: Oman–Yugoslavia relations
Palestine	1989[58][lower-alpha 2]	Main article: Palestine–Yugoslavia relations
Pakistan	18 May 1948[59]	Main article: Pakistan–Yugoslavia relations
Philippines	1972[60]	Main article: Philippines–Yugoslavia relations
Saudi Arabia	N/a	Saudi Arabia and Yugoslavia did not have diplomatic relations.
Singapore	22 August 1967[61]	Main article: Singapore–Yugoslavia relations
South Korea	27 December 1982	Main article: South Korea–Yugoslavia relations
Sri Lanka	14 October 1957[62]	Main article: Sri Lanka–Yugoslavia relations
Syria	1946[63]	Main article: Syria–Yugoslavia relations
Thailand	1954[64]	Main article: Thailand–Yugoslavia relations
Turkey		Main article: Turkey–Yugoslavia relations
Vietnam	10 March 1957[65][66]	Main article: Vietnam–Yugoslavia relations
Yemen	1957[67]	Main article: Yemen–Yugoslavia relations

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Europe

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Albania		Main article: Albania–Yugoslavia relations
Austria		Main article: Austria–Yugoslavia relations
Belgium		Main article: Belgium–Yugoslavia relations
Bulgaria		Main article: Bulgaria–Yugoslavia relations
Cyprus	10 July 1960[68]	Main article: Cyprus–Yugoslavia relations
Czechoslovakia	1918[69]	Main article: Czechoslovakia–Yugoslavia relations
Denmark	1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[70]	Main article: Denmark–Yugoslavia relations
Estonia		Main article: Estonia–Yugoslavia relations
Finland	1928[71]	Main article: Finland–Yugoslavia relations
France		Main article: France–Yugoslavia relations
Germany		Main article: Germany–Yugoslavia relations
East Germany	15 October 1957[72]	Main article: East Germany–Yugoslavia relations
Greece		Main article: Greece–Yugoslavia relations
Holy See	1920 [73][lower-alpha 3]	Main article: Holy See–Yugoslavia relations
Hungary		Main article: Hungary–Yugoslavia relations
Ireland	1977[74]	Main article: Ireland–Yugoslavia relations
Italy		Main article: Italy–Yugoslavia relations
Latvia	1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[75]	Main article: Latvia–Yugoslavia relations
Lithuania		Main article: Lithuania–Yugoslavia relations
Luxembourg	1927[76]	Main article: Luxembourg–Yugoslavia relations
Malta	6 January 1969[77]	Main article: Malta–Yugoslavia relations
Netherlands		Main article: Netherlands–Yugoslavia relations
Norway	26 January 1919[78]	Main article: Norway–Yugoslavia relations
Poland		Main article: Poland–Yugoslavia relations
Portugal	19 October 1917 (continued relations of the Kingdom of Serbia)[79][lower-alpha 4]	Main article: Portugal–Yugoslavia relations
Romania		Main article: Romania–Yugoslavia relations
Soviet Union	19 December 1945	Main article: Soviet Union–Yugoslavia relations
Spain		Main article: Spain–Yugoslavia relations
Sweden		Main article: Sweden–Yugoslavia relations
Switzerland	1919[81]	Main article: Switzerland–Yugoslavia relations
United Kingdom		Main article: United Kingdom–Yugoslavia relations

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