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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (P)

List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (P)

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The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry.[1] A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945.[Note 1] This number is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.[3]

These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945]. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, the second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had been nominated for the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[4]

Listed here are the 324 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name starts with "P".[5] Fellgiebel himself delisted one and Scherzer has challenged the validity of five more of these listings.[6][7] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.

Background

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[8] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[9] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[10] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[11]

Recipients

More information Service, Number of presentations ...

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists for the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[12] Of the 324 awards made to servicemen whose last name starts with "P", 32 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and six the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords; 32 presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 208 of the medals, including one to the Volkssturm; 15 went to the Kriegsmarine, 77 to the Luftwaffe, and 24 to the Waffen-SS.[5] The sequential numbers greater than 843 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves are unofficial and were assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) and are therefore denoted in parentheses.[13]

  This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded posthumously.
  This along with the ! (exclamation mark) indicates that author Walther-Peer Fellgiebel has expressed doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
  This along with the ? (question mark) indicates that author Veit Scherzer has expressed doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
More information Name, Service ...

Notes

  1. Großadmiral and President of Germany Karl Dönitz, Hitler's successor as Head of State (Staatsoberhaupt) and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, had ordered the cessation of all promotions and awards as of 11 May 1945 (Dönitz-decree). Consequently the last Knight's Cross awarded to Oberleutnant zur See of the Reserves Georg-Wolfgang Feller on 17 June 1945 must therefore be considered a de facto but not de jure hand-out.[2]
  2. For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
  3. According to Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and Scherzer name is Kurt Papst who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as commander of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 81.[16]
  4. No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. Unlawful presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Gerhard Pade by the commanding general of the I Parachute Corps General der Fallschirmtruppe Richard Heidrich.[17]
  5. According to Scherzer as chief of the 13./Grenadier-Regiment 461.[14]
  6. According to Scherzer as group leader in the 2./Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon 719.[14]
  7. According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Panzer-Regiment 10.[14]
  8. According to Scherzer name is spelled Karl Packebusch who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 April or 25 April 1945 as leader of Volkssturm-Batallion 3-617 in Berlin-Wedding.[14]
  9. According to Scherzer as chief of the SS-Sturmgeschütz-Batterie 1007.[19]
  10. According to Scherzer as Korvettenkapitän zur Verwendung (for disposition).[19]
  11. According to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves.[19]
  12. According to Scherzer as commander of the I./Polizei-Schützen-Regiment 2.[19]
  13. According to Scherzer as chief of the 8./Infanterie-Regiment 96.[22]
  14. According to Scherzer as company leader in the SS-Panzer-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 17.
  15. According to Scherzer name is spelled Wilhelm Pardon who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 1./Aufklärungs-Ersatz-Abteilung 15 [Walküre-Einheit of Wehrkreis VI in the Division-Nr. 176].[16]
  16. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Nahaufklärungsstaffel 12.(H)/13.[16]
  17. According to Scherzer as chief of the 2./Pionier-Bataillon 8.[16]
  18. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 3.(F)/22.[16]
  19. According to Scherzer as leader of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 407.[16]
  20. According to Scherzer as leader of Fallschirmjäger-Bataillon Paul (under control of the 334. Infanterie-Division).[24]
  21. Scherzer assumes that the presentation was made on 24 April 1945.[24]
  22. The brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denote that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
  23. According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[24]
  24. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 12.(gepanzert)/SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 4.[26]
  25. According to Scherzer as commander of the III.(gepanzert)/2. Panzergrenadier-Regiment "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".[26]
  26. According to Scherzer as shooter in the 7./Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 6.[26]
  27. According to Scherzer on 24 June 1941.[26]
  28. According to Scherzer as Generalleutnant (chargiertbrevet).[26]
  29. According to Scherzre as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän of the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/124.[28]
  30. According to Scherzer as chief of the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 501.[28]
  31. No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. Georg Peschel is listed in the first and second edition of Gerhard von Seemen's "Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939-1945The Knight's Cross Bearers", however with a presentation date 15 March 1945. The 2nd edition explicitly states that there is no evidence in the German Federal Archives.[29] Walther-Peer Fellgiebel comments about Peschel in his book: "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients exist, who do not have official evidence in the National Archives, but are members of the Bundeswehr and claimed to be Knight's Cross recipients. This claim in some cases was investigated by the Militärischer Abschirmdienst (MAD—Military Counterintelligence Service ) and accepted." Nothing can be found in the files of the Order Commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) regarding Peschel. The presentation date was assigned by Fellgiebel.[17]
  32. According to Scherzer as commander of the 6. Feld-Division (L).[28]
  33. According to Scherzer as pilot in the 7.(H)/Lehrgeschwader 2.[28]
  34. According to Scherzer as pilot in the II./Zerstörergeschwader 1.[31]
  35. According to Scherzer as pilot in the 6./Jagdgeschwader 52.[31]
  36. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 348.[31]
  37. According to Scherzer as observer in the III./Kampfgeschwader 26.[31]
  38. According to Scherzer on 30 April 1945.[31]
  39. According to Scherzer as Gruppenkommandeur of the II./Jagdgeschwader 300.[34]
  40. According to Scherzer as gun leader in the 6./Flak-Regiment 4.[34]
  41. According to Scherzer as commander of the II./SS-Freiwilligen-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 49 "De Ruiter" (niederl. Nr. 2).[35]
  42. According to Scherzer as eader of schwere Artillerie-Abteilung (partially improvised motorized) 929.[35]
  43. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(H)/13.[35]
  44. According to Scherzer as SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Police and Waffen-SS and commanding general of the IX. Waffen-Gebirgs-Armeekorps of the SS.[38]
  45. According to Scherzer as leader of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 435.[38]
  46. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Stab/Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen".[40]
  47. According to Scherzer as commander of the Feld-Ausbildungs-Division Nord and combat commander of Mitau.[40]
  48. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./SS-Regiment "Germania".[40]
  49. According to Scherzer as Wachtmeister and squadron troop leader in the 3./Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon (A.A.) 362.[40]
  50. According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Jagdgeschwader 54.[43]
  51. According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division "Prinz Eugen".[43]
  52. According to Scherzer as commander of the II./SS-Artillerie-Regiment 8.[43]
  53. According to Scherzer as Oberfeldwebel who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 77.[44]
  54. According to Scherzer as leader of II./Infanterie-Regiment 490.[44]
  55. According to Scherzer as commander of the 9. Flak-Division.[44]
  56. According to Scherzer as SS-Obersturmführer of the Reserves who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in SS-Panzer-Regiment 5.[44]
  57. According to Scherzer on 14 April 1944.[44]
  58. According to Scherzer as leader in the 2./Grenadier-Regiment 464.[44]
  59. According to Scherzer as leader of leichte Flak-Abteilung (motorized) 89.[44]
  60. According to Scherzer as gun leader in the 1.(self motorized)/Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 19.[46]
  61. According to Scherzer in the Regiments-Pionierzug/Grenadier-Regiment 478.[46]
  62. According to Scherzer as Oberwachtmeister.[46]
  63. According to Scherzer name is spelled Karl Pitschmann who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as leader of the regimental pioneer platoon in Grenadier-Regiment 57.[47]
  64. According to Scherzer as Leutnant (war officer) who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as Staffelführer of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 1 "Oesau".[46]
  65. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Grenadier-Regiment 511.[46]
  66. According to Scherzer as commander of the II./Grenadier-Regiment 53.[46]
  67. According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän in the II./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1.[47]
  68. According to Scherzer as Richtkanonier (gunner) in the 7./Flak-Regiment 43.[47]
  69. No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Walther-Peer Fellgiebel the award was presumably awarded by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich, which would make it unlawful. Fellgiebel names Hermann Buch, the former IIa (personnel administration) of the 2. SS-Division "Das Reich", and Wilhelm Kment, the adjutant of Heinrich Himmler and liaison officer to the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office), as sources. Buch stated on 25 June 2006 that he has nothing to do with this presentation. Walter Pitsch is mentioned the first in Ernst-Günther Krätschmer's 2nd edition of "Die Ritterkreuzträger der Waffen-SS—The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Waffen-SS". The Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) initially did not accept Pitsch as a recipient since he was not listed in Gerhard von Seemen's 2nd edition of "Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945—The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945". The order commission of the AKCR processed the case in 1977 and decided: "Knight's Cross yes, 3 May 1945". The presentation date was later changed by Fellgiebel to 6 May 1945. Krätschmer who does not present a source for Pritsch’s listing also states 6 May 1945. Unfortunately Pritsch, a member of the AKCR, did not help clarify the situation. He twice, on 24 July 2004 and 22 July 2004, did not respond to a request from the president of the AKCR.[7]
  70. According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Panzer-Jäger-Abteilung 3.[47]
  71. According to Scherzer as chief of the 2./Flak-Regiment 111.[47]
  72. Hubert Platz's nomination for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by his corps was never forwarded or was lost due to the military situation. A second nomination was made after the evacuation of East Prussia, after the German capitulation. This nomination was never processed. The order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed the case in 1982 and decided: "Knight's Cross yes, 9 May 1945". The presentation date was later changed by Fellgiebel to 11 May 1945.[51]
  73. According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 3./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 "Immelmann".[49]
  74. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Nahaufklärungsstaffel 4.(H)/31.[49]
  75. According to Scherzer as commander of the 4. Flieger Division.[53]
  76. Hermann Plocher's nomination had been finalized by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) and was ready for signature by the end of the war. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was present in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Fellgiebel. Plocher was a member of the AKCR.[51]
  77. Scherzer does not state a rank.[53]
  78. According to Scherzer as commander of Aufklärungs-Abteilung (motorized) 29.[53]
  79. According to Scherzer as leader of the 3./Grenadier-Regiment 551.[53]
  80. According to Scherzer as Leutnant (war officer) and pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 54.[55]
  81. According to Scherzer as pilot in the 2./Nahaufklärungsgruppe 12.[55]
  82. According to Scherzer as Leutnant (war officer).[55]
  83. According to Scherzer as gun leader in the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 220.[57]
  84. According to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves.[57]
  85. According to Scherzer as commanding general of the German Luftwaffe in Mittelitalien (central Italy) and commander of the Nahkampf-Korps (close quarters combat corps) of Luftflotte 2.[57]
  86. According to Fellgiebel name is Heinrich Pohrig.[56]
  87. According to Scherzer as commander of U-Jäger 2210.[58]
  88. According to Scherzer as leader of the II./Infanterie-Regiment 479.[58]
  89. According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant des Beurlaubtenstandes (of the reserve status)[58]
  90. According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[61]
  91. According to Scherzer as commander of Vorpostenboot VP-1806.[61]
  92. According to Scherzer as pilot and oberserver in the 1./Nahaufklärungsgruppe 2.[61]
  93. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 8./Infanterie-Regiment 266.[61]
  94. According to Scherzer as commander of the III./SS-Panzer-Artillerie-Regiment 11.[62]
  95. According to Scherzer as leader of the SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 7.[62]
  96. Peter Prien was nominated twice for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The first nomination was made for actions before end of March 1945, while a second nomination was submitted on 9 May 1945, presumably for a different deed. A contemporary file card for the first nomination still exists, which was created by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) for a nomination received on 28 March 1945. This nomination did not prevail. A Heerespersonalamt-Verleihungsvorschlag (HPA-VV—Army Staff Office Nomination Recommendation) was not created. He was also not listed in the book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) for his first nomination. The first nomination was either left unfinished by the end of the war, or it was rejected. An argument supporting the rejection thesis is the fact that the nomination paperwork completed by Prien's unit is no longer available. On the other hand, there is no rejection number or note on the file card.
    The second nomination, presumably a teleprinter message, is also no longer available. Again no HPA-VV was created nor a file card. Major Joachim Domaschk noted this nomination in the first section of the book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" with an entry Nr. 5101. This number was assigned twice, the second section of this book starts with Nr. 5100. Why Domaschk listed him there cannot be determined anymore. This entry states that the nomination by Prien's unit was received by the HPA on 9 May 1945 and was forwarded (Scherzer assumes to General Ernst Maisel) and awarded the very same day. The presentation was unlawfully made, first because it is dated after 8 May 1945, secondly because neither General Maisel nor Major Domaschk had been authorized to do so. Prien was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[66]
  97. According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Artillerie-Regiment "Totenkopf".[65]
  98. According to Scherzer as commander of the II./SS-Panzer-Regiment 12.[68]
  99. According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the Aufklärungsstaffel 2.(F)/Oberkommando der Luftwaffe.[68]
  100. According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in 1./Fallschirm-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 1 "Hermann Göring".[68]
  101. According to Scherzer and the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) his name is Theodor Prost who received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 12./Grenadier-Regiment 519.[70]
  102. According to Scherzer as commander of the III./Werfer-Regiment 55.[68]
  103. According to Scherzer as pilot in the Nahaufklärungsstaffel 4.(H)/31.[70]
  104. According to Scherzer as observer in the Aufklärungsstaffel 2.(F)/11.[70]
  105. According to Scherzer as Leutnant and observer in the Aufklärungsstaffel 2.(F)/22.[70]
  106. According to Scherzer as chief of the 1./Infanterie-Regiment 84.[70]
  107. According to Scherzer as group commander of the 33.SS Charlemagne division[68]
  108. According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[72]
  109. According to Scherzer as gun leader in the 2./SS-Sturmgeschütz-Abteilung 3.[72]
  110. According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[72]
  111. According to Scherzer name is spelled Nikolaus Purlis.[74]
  112. Walther-Peer Fellgiebel lists Emil Pusch as a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 November 1944 as Oberfeldwebel and pilot in Nachtjagdgeschwader 2.[71] He is delisted again by Fellgiebel in the year 2000 without stating a reason.[6]
  113. According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the Aufklärungsstaffel 3.(F)/121.[74]

References

Citations

  1. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.
  2. Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
  3. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 332–346, 499.
  4. Scherzer 2007, pp. 162–163.
  5. "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 1573; 1 September 1939". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  6. "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 849; 3 June 1940". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  7. "Reichsgesetzblatt Teil I S. 613; 28 September 1941". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  8. "Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11; 29 December 1944". ALEX Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (in German). Reichsministerium des Inneren (Ministry of the Interior). Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  9. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 102–111.
  10. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 332, 499.
  11. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 333, 499.
  12. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 334, 499.
  13. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 335, 499.
  14. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 336, 499.
  15. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 337, 499.
  16. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 338, 499.
  17. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 340, 500.
  18. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 341, 500.
  19. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 343, 500.
  20. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 344, 500.
  21. Scherzer 2007, pp. 163–164.
  22. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 345, 500.
  23. Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 346, 500.

Bibliography

  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren Angaben [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 : The Knight's Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services, Diamonds, Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation: Appendix with Further Information and Presentation Requirements] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7909-0051-4.
  • Williamson, Gordon; Bujeiro, Ramiro (2004). Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939–40. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-641-6.

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