Dr. Helen Mary Wilson (1 December 1864 – 29 December 1951) was a physician and social purity campaigner.^[1]

Wilson was born in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire^[2] and moved to Sheffield early in her childhood.^[1] She studied medicine at the London School of Medicine for Women.^[3]

In 1892 Wilson was House surgeon at the London Temperance Hospital.^[2] She worked in private practice in Sheffield from 1893^[2] until 1906, when she retired to become actively involved in the Association for Moral and Social Hygiene,^[4] previously known as the Ladies' National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. She took a humane approach to women in and in danger of falling into prostitution, rather than punitive one, and argued against double standards in the law on prostitution.^[1][5] From 1916 to 1919 she was Chair of the Women's Training Colony in Newbury, Berkshire,^[6] a work camp that aimed to provide responsibility, independence and occupation.^[5]

Wilson had an interest in women's suffrage, serving as honorary secretary of the Sheffield Women's Suffrage Society in 1909–1910 and also as president.^[1] In 1920 she was appointed magistrate in Sheffield,^[7] the first woman to hold the role in Sheffield.^[1] Wilson died in 1951, in London.^[8]

Archival materials relating to Wilson are held at The Women's Library at the London School of Economics, including a scrapbook of Dr Wilson's containing ephemera relating to the suffrage campaigns in Sheffield and the Sheffield Women's Suffrage Society.