Hurricane Alma was one of only four Atlantic tropical cyclones to reach hurricane status in the month of May. It developed on May18,1970 north of Panama, and rapidly intensified on May20 to peak winds of 75mph (120km/h), near Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. It stalled south of Cuba and deteriorated due to wind shear, and by May22 it weakened to tropical depression status. After progressing northwestward and crossing western Cuba, Alma reorganized in the Gulf of Mexico, although continued shear prevented strengthening. It moved across Florida on May25, and on May27 it dissipated off the coast of Virginia.
The storm first brought gusty winds and heavy rainfall to Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. While it was weakening, Alma produced flooding in central and eastern Cuba, causing seven deaths and forcing 3,000people to evacuate. Moderate precipitation spread across Florida, while thunderstorms from the storm caused light damage, killing one. Moisture from the storm spread up the Atlantic coast.
Meteorological history
Late on May17, the US National Hurricane Center, reported that a tropical depression had formed about 470 miles (760km) to the southeast of Kingston, Jamaica. Over the next couple of days, the depression became better organized as it moved towards the northwest; on May19 it entered an area of favorable environmental conditions, which enabled the depression to rapidly intensify. On May20 it strengthened into a tropical storm, at which point it was given the name Alma. That day, it rapidly strengthened under favorable developmental conditions, which included low wind shear, strong upper-level outflow, and apparent eastward inflow. Later on May20, a Navy reconnaissance plane recorded winds of 80mph (130km/h), which proved to be the peak intensity of Alma.[1] It became one of only four Atlantic hurricanes on record in the month of May. In January2022, as part of the ongoing HURDAT Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, the peak intensity of Alma was downgraded slightly to 75mph (120km/h).[2]
Subsequent to its peak intensity, increasing westerly shear disrupted the storm's circulation and thermal pattern, which caused rapid weakening to tropical storm strength and later tropical depression status.[1] By May22, the low pressure area became poorly defined after stalling south of Cuba; with only a few squalls and showers, advisories were discontinued on Alma.[3] The remnants of Alma continued westward near the Cayman Islands, and later turned to the north, passing over western Cuba.[4]
On May24, the low pressure area reorganized as spiral rainbands became more evident on radar, and Alma was re-classified as a tropical depression.[5] As the depression approached the Florida coast, radar imagery indicated the system remained well-organized, with a spiral band structure around an eye feature; however, wind shear limited convection and strength, and Alma moved ashore as a depression near Cedar Key on May25. It turned northeastward and moved across the southeastern United States, becoming extratropical in North Carolina on May27. After moving off the coast of Virginia, the remnants of Alma were absorbed by an approaching cold front.[4]
Impact
After Alma weakened from hurricane status, it passed near the Cayman Islands on May21, where winds of up to 65mph (105km/h) were recorded.[6] Gale-force winds and heavy rainfall also occurred in Jamaica.[7] Heavy rains ahead of the storm caused flash flooding in central and eastern Cuba.[4] Seven people died as a result, and several homes were destroyed. The flooding forced the evacuation of 3,000people in Oriente Province. Inclement weather closed 16sugar mills, which stalled harvesting that was already behind schedule in the country.[8]
In Florida, the remnants of Alma brought rainfall across most of the state, with some isolated areas experiencing 5 inches (12.70cm) or more. The highest rainfall from the storm was near Miami, Florida, with 6.66 inches (16.92cm) of rain.[9] The rainfall was beneficial in alleviating drought conditions,[4] although thunderstorms caused hazardous driving conditions in the Florida Keys and elsewhere in the state.[10] Small craft warnings were posted along the coast.[11] One girl died from lightning in Miami,[12] and a thunderstorm near Fort Myers damaged some roofs and outbuildings.[13] In Saint Petersburg, flooding disrupted phonelines in about 400households.[14]Merritt Island experienced 45mph (72km/h) wind gusts.[15] In Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland, Alma dropped moderate rainfall, with some isolated areas receiving up to 3 inches (7.62cm).[9] Near Columbia, South Carolina, the remnants of Alma spawned a tornado which destroyed a roof.[14]
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Hurricane_Alma_(1970), and is written by contributors.
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