The Julang-1 (Chinese: 巨浪-1; pinyin: Jù Làng Yī; lit. 'Huge Wave-1', also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".^[1]

Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu,^[2] and Chen Deren (Chinese: 陈德仁, 1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).^{[citation needed]}

The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.^{[citation needed]}

The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.^{[citation needed]}

The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.^[3]

• JL-2
• R-29 Vysota
• R-29RM Shtil
• R-29RMU Sineva
• R-29RMU2 Layner
• RSM-56 Bulava
• UGM-133 Trident II
• M45 (missile)
• M51 (missile)
• K Missile family
• Pukkuksong-1
• R-39 Rif
• R-39M