JL-2
JL-2
Chinese submarine-launched ballistic missile
The JL-2 (Chinese: 巨浪-2; pinyin: Jù Làng Èr; lit. 'Giant Wave 2', NATO reporting name CSS-N-14) is a Chinese second-generation intercontinental-range submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deployed on the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) Type 094 submarines. It succeeds the JL-1 SLBM deployed on the Type 092 submarine.[7]
| Julang-2 (JL-2) | |
|---|---|
| Type | SLBM |
| Place of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Service history | |
| In service | Active as of 2015[1] |
| Used by | People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 42,000 kilograms (93,000 lb)[2] |
| Length | 13 metres (43 ft)[2] |
| Warhead | single[3] or 1-3 MIRV[4] or 3-8 MIRV nuclear warhead[2] |
| Blast yield | 1 megaton of TNT (4.2 PJ) single,[5] or 1-3 MIRV [4] 20/90/150kt MIRV[2] |
| Propellant | Solid-fuel rocket[3] |
Operational range | 7,200 km (4,500 mi)[6] |
Guidance system | Astro-inertial[5] with Beidou[2] |
Launch platform | Type 094 submarine[7] |
The JL-2 provides China with its first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.[7]
The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based DF-31.[8][9] Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,[8] and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.[9]
The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a Type 031 submarine.[8][9] The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.[8] Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a Type 094 submarine, the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.[8] A series of test launches occurred in 2012.[10]
During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an anti-satellite warhead to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.[11]
Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.[1]
As of 2017[update], 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.[3]
The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fueled missile,[3] with a maximum range of 7,200 km (4,500 mi).[6] Its payload is a single[3] 1 Megaton warhead[5] or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.[2]
Citations
- https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2
- Rahmat, Ridzwan (25 March 2014). "PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year". janes.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- United States Department of Defense (2018: 38)
- United States Department of Defense (2018: 29)
- "JL-2 (CSS-NX-14)". Globalsecurity.org. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- Lewis, Jeffrey (25 June 2005). "JL-2 SLBM Flight Test". armscontrolwonk.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- United States Department of Defense (May 2013). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 (PDF) (Report). p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- Gertz, Bill (18 January 2008). "Submarine ASAT". Washington Post.[dead link]
Sources
- United States Department of Defense (May 2018). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2018 (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center (June 2017). Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (PDF) (Report). NASIC-1031-0985-17. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- CSIS Missile Threat - Ju Lang-2
- JL-2 from Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica