List_of_emperors_of_Japan

List of emperors of Japan

List of emperors of Japan

Traditional order of succession of the Emperor of Japan

Japan has been ruled by emperors since antiquity. The sequence, order and dates of the early emperors are almost entirely based on the 8th-century Nihon Shoki, which was meant to retroactively legitimise the Yamato dynasty by dating its foundation further back to the year 660 BCE.[1][2][3] There are several theories as to who was the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence: notable candidates are Emperor Yūryaku (r. 456–479) and Emperor Kinmei (r. 539–571), among others.[4][5]

The terms Tennō ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as Nihon ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century CE.[6][2] In the nengō system which has been in use since the late 7th century, years are numbered using the Japanese era name and the number of years which have elapsed since the start of that nengō era.[7]

Emperors of Japan

More information No., Portrait ...

Posthumously recognized individuals

This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Japanese emperors posthumously.

More information Portrait, Personal name ...

See also

References

Notes

  1. Early dates vary depending on the author. These are calculated from the reign-lengths given by the Nihon Shoki (Kojiki when lacking information). Jimmu is said to have died in the 76th year of his reign, i.e. he ruled 75 years. He was 127 years old according to East Asian age reckoning, i.e. 126 in Western reckoning.[10] Regnal years are counted using inclusive reckoning until Empress Jitō, the last reign covered by the Nihon Shoki.
  2. Also called as Hikofuto (彦太).
  3. Also known as Iga (伊賀).
  4. Also known as Unonosasara or Uno.
  5. Her dates are usually given as 686–697. However, the Nihon Shoki states that she died on her 11th year, i.e. she ruled 10 years.[54]
  6. Name also written as 軽.
  7. Name also written as 阿部.
  8. Name also written as 日高.
  9. Previously named Minamoto no Korezane (源維城).
  10. Also known as Hiroakira.
  11. Also known as Iyasada or Sukesada.
  12. Also known as Atsunari.
  13. Also known as Yoshihito.
  14. Also known as Yoshihito or Toshihito.
  15. Also known as Nobuhito.
  16. Also known as Kotohito.
  17. Also known as Takanari.
  18. Also known as Motsihito.
  19. Also known as Tosihito.
  20. Also known as Norinaga.
  21. Previously named Masuhito (益仁).
  22. Also known as Emperor Go-Kōkō.
  23. Initially written as 躬仁.
  24. Also known as Emperor Go-Kanmu.
  25. Also known as Emperor Go-Heizei.
  26. Also known as Kazuhito (和仁).
  27. Also known as Masahito.
  28. Also known as Emperor Go-Minoo or Emperor Go-Seiwa.
  29. Also known as Yoshihito.
  30. Also known as Emperor Go-Saiin or Emperor Go-Junna.
  31. Also known as Tomohito.
  32. Also known as Yoshihito.

Citations

  1. [1]
    Smits, Gregory J. (1991). Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712). Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 30–32. ISBN 9780889209978.
  2. [2]
    Vogel, Ezra F. (2019). China and Japan: Facing History. Harvard University Press. pp. 15–17. ISBN 9780674240766.
  3. [3]
    Mason, Richard (2011). "Chapter Two". History of Japan: Revised Edition. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462900978.
  4. [4]
    Ibaraki, Yoshiyuki (2013). "A Review of the Inscription of the Iron Sword Discovered at Inariyama Old Tomb of the Sakitama Old Tombs' Group". 皇学館論叢. 46 (5). KOGAKKAN RONSO: 1–35.
  5. [5]
    Hoye, Timothy (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds. Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780132712897.
  6. [6]
    Holcombe, Charles (January 2001). The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. – A.D. 907. University of Hawaii Press. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-8248-2465-5.
  7. [7]
    Nussbaum, "Nengō", p. 704.
  8. [8]
    Imperial Household Agency.
  9. [9]
    Nussbaum, "Traditional Order of Tennō", p. 962.
  10. [10]
    Titsingh, pp. 1–3; Aston, 1, pp.109–137; Brown, p. 249; Varley, pp. 84–88; Nussbaum, p. 420.
  11. [11]
    Titsingh, pp. 1–3; Aston, 1, pp.109–137; Brown, p. 249; Varley, pp. 84–88; Nussbaum, p. 420.
  12. [12]
    Titsingh, pp. 3–4; Aston, 1, pp.138–141; Brown, pp. 250–251; Varley, pp. 88–89.
  13. [13]
    Titsingh, p. 4; Aston, 1, pp.141–142; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89; Nussbaum, p. 32.
  14. [14]
    Titsingh, p. 4; Aston, 1, pp.142–143; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89; Nussbaum, p. 405.
  15. [15]
    Titsingh, pp. 4–5; Aston, 1, pp.144–145; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90; Nussbaum, p. 564.
  16. [16]
    Titsingh, p. 5; Aston, 1, pp.145–146; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90; Nussbaum, p. 536.
  17. [17]
    Titsingh, pp. 5–6; Aston, 1, pp.146–147; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 90–92; Nussbaum, p. 561.
  18. [18]
    Titsingh, p. 6; Aston, 1, pp.147–148; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 92–93; Nussbaum, p. 542.
  19. [19]
    Titsingh, pp. 6–7; Aston, 1, pp.148–149; Brown, p. 252; Varley, p. 93; Nussbaum, p. 451.
  20. [20]
    Henshall, Kenneth (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7872-3.
  21. [21]
    Titsingh, pp. 7–9; Aston, 1, pp.150–164; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 93–95; Nussbaum, p. 910.
  22. [22]
    Titsingh, pp. 9–10; Aston, 1, pp.165–187; Brown, pp. 252–254; Varley, pp. 95–96; Nussbaum, p. 910.
  23. [23]
    Titsingh, pp. 11–14; Aston, 1, pp.188–214; Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 96–99; Nussbaum, p. 505.
  24. [24]
    Titsingh, pp. 14–15; Aston, 1, pp.214–216; Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 99–100; Nussbaum, p. 836.
  25. [25]
    Titsingh, p. 15; Aston, 1, pp.217–223; Brown, pp. 254–255; Varley, pp. 100–101; Nussbaum, p. 125.
  26. [26]
    Titsingh, pp. 16–19; Aston, 1, pp.224–253; Brown, p. 255; Varley, pp. 101–103.
  27. [27]
    Titsingh, pp. 19–22; Aston, 1, pp.254–271; Brown, p. 255–256; Varley, pp. 103–110].
  28. [28]
    Titsingh, pp. 22–24; Aston, 1, pp.272–300; Brown, p. 256–257; Varley, pp. 110–111; Nussbaum, p. 716.
  29. [29]
    Titsingh, pp. 24–25; Aston, 1, pp.301–310; Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 111.
  30. [30]
    Titsingh, p. 25; Aston, 1, pp.310–311; Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 112; Nussbaum, p. 288.
  31. [31]
    Titsingh, p. 26; Aston, 1, pp.312–328; Brown, p. 257–258; Varley, p. 112.
  32. [32]
    Titsingh, p. 26; Aston, 1, pp.328–332; Brown, p. 258; Varley, p. 113; Nussbaum, p. 32.
  33. [33]
    Titsingh, pp. 27–28; Aston, 1, pp.333–372; Brown, p. 258; Varley, pp. 113–115; Nussbaum, p. 1068.
  34. [34]
    Titsingh, pp. 28–29; Aston, 1, pp.373–377; Brown, pp. 258–259; Varley, pp. 115–116; Nussbaum, p. 836.
  35. [35]
    Titsingh, pp. 29–30; Aston, 1, pp.377–393; Brown, p. 259; Varley, p. 116; Nussbaum, p. 510.
  36. [36]
    Titsingh, p. 30; Aston, 1, pp.393–398; Brown, pp. 259–260; Varley, p. 117; Nussbaum, p. 716.
  37. [37]
    Titsingh, p. 31; Aston, 1, pp.399–407; Brown, p. 260; Varley, pp. 117–118; Nussbaum, p. 94.
  38. [38]
    Shillony, Ben-Ami (2008). The Emperors of Modern Japan. BRILL. p. 15. ISBN 978-90-474-4225-7.
  39. [39]
    Titsingh, pp. 31–32; Aston, 2, pp. 1–25; Brown, pp. 260–261; Varley, pp. 17–18, 119–120; Nussbaum, p. 506.
  40. [40]
    Titsingh, p. 33; Aston, 2, pp. 26–32; Brown, p. 261; Varley, pp. 120–121; Nussbaum, p. 31.
  41. [41]
    Titsingh, pp. 33–34; Aston, 2, pp. 33–35; Brown, p. 261; Varley, p. 121; Nussbaum, p. 842.
  42. [42]
    Titsingh, pp. 34–36; Aston, 2, pp. 36–89; Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124; Nussbaum, p. 519.
  43. [43]
    Titsingh, pp. 36–37; Aston, 2, pp. 90–105; Brown, pp. 262–263; Varley, pp. 124–125; Nussbaum, p. 77.
  44. [44]
    Titsingh, pp. 37–38; Aston, 2, pp. 106–111; Brown, p. 263; Varley, pp. 125–126; Nussbaum, p. 1057.
  45. [45]
    Titsingh, pp. 38–39; Aston, 2, pp. 112–120; Brown, p. 263; Varley, p. 126; Nussbaum, p. 917.
  46. [46]
    Titsingh, pp. 39–42; Aston, 2, pp. 121–156; Brown, pp. 263–264; Varley, pp. 126–129; Nussbaum, p. 910.
  47. [47]
    Titsingh, pp. 42–43; Aston, 2, pp. 157–170; Brown, pp. 264–265; Varley, pp. 129–130; Nussbaum, p. 431.
  48. [48]
    Titsingh, pp. 43–47; Aston, 2, pp. 171–194; Brown, pp. 265–266; Varley, pp. 130–132; Nussbaum, p. 543.
  49. [49]
    Titsingh, pp. 47–50; Aston, 2, pp. 195–247; Brown, pp. 266–267; Varley, pp. 132–133; Nussbaum, p. 566.
  50. [50]
    Titsingh, pp. 50–52; Aston, 2, pp. 248–273; Brown, p. 267; Varley, pp. 133–134; Nussbaum, p. 807.
  51. [51]
    Titsingh, pp. 52–56; Aston, 2, pp. 274–300; Brown, p. 268; Varley, p. 135; Nussbaum, p. 959.
  52. [52]
    Titsingh, pp. 56–58; Aston, 2, p. 301ff; Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Nussbaum, p. 538.
  53. [53]
    Titsingh, pp. 58–59; Aston, 2, pp. 301–381; Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Nussbaum, p. 957.
  54. [54]
    Titsingh, pp. 59–60; Aston, 2, pp. 382–423; Brown, pp. 269–270; Varley, pp. 136–137.
  55. [55]
    Titsingh, pp. 59–60; Aston, 2, pp. 382–423; Brown, pp. 269–270; Varley, pp. 136–137; Nussbaum, p. 426.
  56. [56]
    Titsingh, pp. 60–63; Brown, pp. 270–271; Varley, pp. 137–140.
  57. [57]
    Titsingh, pp. 63–65; Brown, p. 271; Varley, p. 140; Nussbaum, p. 235.
  58. [58]
    Titsingh, pp. 65–67; Brown, pp. 271–272; Varley, pp. 140–141; Nussbaum, p. 240.
  59. [59]
    Titsingh, pp. 67–73; Brown, pp. 272–273; Varley, pp. 141–143; Nussbaum, p. 884.
  60. [60]
    Titsingh, pp. 73–75; Brown, pp. 274–275; Varley, p. 143; Nussbaum, p. 547.
  61. [61]
    Titsingh, pp. 75–78; Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 143–144; Nussbaum, p. 437.
  62. [62]
    Titsingh, pp. 78–81; Brown, p. 276; Varley, pp. 144–147; Nussbaum, p. 888.
  63. [63]
    Titsingh, pp. 81–85; Brown, pp. 276–277; Varley, pp. 147–148; Nussbaum, p. 557.
  64. [64]
    Titsingh, pp. 86–95; Brown, pp. 277–279; Varley, pp. 148–150; Nussbaum, p. 464.
  65. [65]
    Titsingh, pp. 96–97; Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; Nussbaum, p. 305.
  66. [66]
    Titsingh, pp. 97–102; Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; Nussbaum, p. 804.
  67. [67]
    Titsingh, pp. 103–106; Brown, pp. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; Nussbaum, p. 437.
  68. [68]
    Titsingh, pp. 106–112; Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; Nussbaum, p. 714.
  69. [69]
    Titsingh, pp. 112–115; Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; Nussbaum, p. 658.
  70. [70]
    Titsingh, pp. 115–121; Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; Nussbaum, p. 837.
  71. [71]
    Titsingh, pp. 121–124; Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; Nussbaum, p. 1064.
  72. [72]
    Titsingh, pp. 124–125; Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; Nussbaum, p. 549.
  73. [73]
    Titsingh, pp. 125–129; Brown, pp. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; Nussbaum, p. 1007.
  74. [74]
    Titsingh, pp. 129–134; Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; Nussbaum, p. 138.
  75. [75]
    Titsingh, pp. 134–138; Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183.
  76. [76]
    Titsingh, pp. 139–142; Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; Nussbaum, p. 667.
  77. [77]
    Titsingh, pp. 142–143; Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 190–191; Nussbaum, p. 786.
  78. [78]
    Titsingh, pp. 144–148; Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; Nussbaum, p. 182.
  79. [79]
    Titsingh, pp. 148–149; Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; Nussbaum, p. 501.
  80. [80]
    Titsingh, pp. 150–154; Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; Nussbaum, p. 369.
  81. [81]
    Titsingh, pp. 154–155; Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Nussbaum, p. 818.
  82. [82]
    Titsingh, pp. 156–160; Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; Nussbaum, p. 253.
  83. [83]
    Titsingh, pp. 160–162; Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; Nussbaum, p. 262.
  84. [84]
    Titsingh, pp. 162–166; Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; Nussbaum, p. 258.
  85. [85]
    Titsingh, pp. 166–168; Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; Nussbaum, p. 259.
  86. [86]
    Titsingh, pp. 169–171; Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; Nussbaum, p. 872.
  87. [87]
    Titsingh, pp. 172–178; Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; Nussbaum, p. 352.
  88. [88]
    Titsingh, pp. 178–181; Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; Nussbaum, p. 967.
  89. [89]
    Titsingh, pp. 181–185; Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; Nussbaum, p. 917.
  90. [90]
    Titsingh, pp. 186–188; Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; Nussbaum, p. 559.
  91. [91]
    Titsingh, pp. 188–190; Brown, pp. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; Nussbaum, p. 261.
  92. [92]
    Titsingh, pp. 191–194; Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; Nussbaum, p. 712.
  93. [93]
    Titsingh, pp. 194–195; Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Nussbaum, p. 794.
  94. [94]
    Titsingh, pp. 194–195; Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Nussbaum, p. 933.
  95. [95]
    Titsingh, pp. 200–207; Brown, pp. 333–334; Varley, pp. 214–215; Nussbaum, p. 33.
  96. [96]
    Titsingh, pp. 207–221; Brown, pp. 334–339; Varley, pp. 215–220; Nussbaum, p. 263.
  97. [97]
    Titsingh, pp. 221–230; Brown, pp. 339–341; Varley, p. 220; Nussbaum, p. 998.
  98. [98]
    Titsingh, pp. 230–238; Brown, pp. 341–343; Varley, pp. 221–223.
  99. [99]
    Titsingh, pp. 236–238; Brown, pp. 343–344; Varley, pp. 223–226; Nussbaum, p. 128.
  100. [100]
    Titsingh, pp. 238–241; Brown, pp. 344–349; Varley, pp. 226–227; Nussbaum, p. 252.
  101. [101]
    Titsingh, pp. 242–245; Varley, p. 227; Nussbaum, p. 856.
  102. [102]
    Titsingh, pp. 245–247; Varley, pp. 228–231; Nussbaum, p. 259.
  103. [103]
    Titsingh, pp. 248–253; Varley, pp. 231–232; Nussbaum, p. 252.
  104. [104]
    Titsingh, pp. 232–233; Varley, pp. 253–261; Nussbaum, p. 461.
  105. [105]
    Titsingh, pp. 233–237; Varley, pp. 262–269; Nussbaum, p. 265.
  106. [106]
    Titsingh, pp. 237–238; Varley, pp. 269–274; Nussbaum, p. 252.
  107. [107]
    Titsingh, pp. 274–275; Varley, pp. 238–239; Nussbaum, p. 252.
  108. [108]
    Titsingh, pp. 275–278; Varley, p. 239; Nussbaum, p. 257.
  109. [109]
    Titsingh, pp. 281–286, 278–281; Varley, pp. 239–241; Nussbaum, p. 285.
  110. [110]
    Titsingh, pp. 281–286, 290–294; Varley, pp. 241–269; Nussbaum, p. 251.
  111. [111]
    Varley, pp. 269–270; Nussbaum, p. 257.
  112. [112]
    Nussbaum, Chōkei Tennō, p. 120.
  113. [113]
    Nussbaum, "Go-Kameyama Tennō", pp. 253–255.
  114. [114]
    Titsingh, pp. 286–289; Nussbaum, p. 344, 543.
  115. [115]
    Titsingh, pp. 294–298; Nussbaum, p. 555.
  116. [116]
    Titsingh, pp. 298–301; Nussbaum, p. 911.
  117. [117]
    Titsingh, pp. 302–309; Nussbaum, p. 255.
  118. [118]
    Titsingh, pp. 310–316; Nussbaum, p. 251.
  119. [119]
    Titsingh, pp. 317–327.
  120. [120]
    Titsingh, pp. 317–327; Nussbaum, p. 555.
  121. [121]
    Titsingh, pp. 327–331; Nussbaum, p. 883.
  122. [122]
    Titsingh, pp. 331–351; Nussbaum, p. 252.
  123. [123]
    Titsingh, pp. 352–364; Nussbaum, p. 265.
  124. [124]
    Titsingh, pp. 364–372.
  125. [125]
    Titsingh, pp. 372–382; Nussbaum, p. 257.
  126. [126]
    Titsingh, pp. 382–402; Nussbaum, p. 739.
  127. [127]
    Titsingh, pp. 402–409; Nussbaum, p. 265.
  128. [128]
    Titsingh, pp. 410–411; Nussbaum, p. 256.
  129. [129]
    Titsingh, pp. 411–412; Nussbaum, p. 625.
  130. [130]
    Titsingh, pp. 412–413; Nussbaum, p. 256.
  131. [131]
    Titsingh, p. 413.
  132. [132]
    Titsingh, pp. 414–415; Nussbaum, p. 785.
  133. [133]
    Titsingh, pp. 415–416; Nussbaum, p. 310.
  134. [134]
    Titsingh, pp. 416–417; Nussbaum, p. 690.
  135. [135]
    Titsingh, pp. 417–418; Nussbaum, p. 814.
  136. [136]
    Titsingh, pp. 418–419; Nussbaum, p. 656.
  137. [137]
    Titsingh, p. 419.
  138. [138]
    Titsingh, pp. 419–420; Nussbaum, p. 257.
  139. [139]
    Titsingh, pp. 420–421; Nussbaum, p. 546.
  140. [140]
    Nussbaum, "Ninkō Tennō", p. 716.
  141. [141]
    Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō", p. 553.
  142. [142]
    Nussbaum, "Meiji Tennō", p. 624.
  143. [143]
    Shimamoto, Mayako; Ito, Koji; Sugita, Yoneyuki (2015). Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 70–73. ISBN 9781442250673.
  144. [144]
    Nussbaum, "Taishō Tennō", p. 929.
  145. [145]
    Nussbaum, "Hirohito", p. 318.
  146. [146]
    Nussbaum, "Akihito", p. 19.
  147. [147]
    "Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  148. [148]
    Nussbaum, "Naruhito", p. 699.
  149. [149]
    Duthie, Torquil (2014). Man'yoshu and the imperial imagination in early Japan. Leiden. p. 372. ISBN 9789004251717. OCLC 864366334.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  150. [150]
    岡宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.
  151. [151]
    Brown, p. 272.
  152. [152]
    崇道尽敬皇帝 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.
  153. [153]
    Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. pp. 61, 459, 469.
  154. [154]
    春日宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.
  155. [155]
    崇道天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.
  156. [156]
    陽光院 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.
  157. [157]
    Shillony, Ben-Ami (2021). Enigma of the Emperors: Sacred Subservience in Japanese History. BRILL. p. 93. ISBN 9789004213999.
  158. [158]
    慶光天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説. Kotobank.

Sources
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_emperors_of_Japan, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.