Lucien Neuwirth (18 May 1924 – 26 November 2013) was a French politician first elected to the French National Assembly in 1958. His namesake, the Neuwirth Law legalized birth control in France on 28 December 1967.

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Born in 1924, he joined the French Resistance in 1940 and was arrested, he later escaped through Spain.^[1] He was in London in 1944, where he discovered birth control which was then banned from France.^[2] He joined the paratroopers and fought in Brittany, Belgium and the Netherlands where he miraculously survived a firing squad in 1945.^[1]

After the war, he joined the Rally of the French People and was elected in Saint-Étienne city council.^[2] During his terms, he learned how many couple problems were caused by an unwanted birth.^[1] As a member of the military reserve force, he spent some time in Algiers around 1958 and helped in the negotiations which led to the end of the French Fourth Republic.^[1]

He was elected to the French National Assembly in 1958.^[3] With some help from the French birth control movement (Mouvement français du planning familial), he wrote a law draft to legalize birth control in 1966.^[1] He faced a violent opposition in his political family, notably the government, and successfully pleaded the case to the general De Gaulle himself.^[1] The Neuwirth Law was finally voted with left-wing support^[2] on 19 December 1967.^[4]

He stayed in the National Assembly until the pink wave of 1981, and was elected to the Senate in 1983.^[3] His main topic in his last years was palliative care, for which he supported two laws in 1995^[1] and in 1999.^[2] He died on 26 November 2013 aged 89.^[1]