Planetary_flyby

Planetary flyby

Planetary flyby

Sending a space probe past a planet or dwarf planet

A planetary flyby is the act of sending a space probe past a planet or a dwarf planet close enough to record scientific data.[1] This is a subset of the overall concept of a flyby in spaceflight.

Plot of Mariner 10 flyby of planet Venus in February 1974

The first flyby of another planet with a functioning spacecraft took place on December 14, 1962, when Mariner 2 zoomed by the planet Venus.[2]

Planetary flybys are commonly used as gravity assist maneuvers to "slingshot" a space probe toward its primary target without expending fuel, but in some cases (such as with New Horizons), flybys are the primary objectives of a mission in of themselves.

A relatively recent example of a flyby spacecraft is New Horizons, which performed flyby maneuvers of Jupiter, Pluto and its moons in the 21st century. The flyby of Jupiter, used as a gravity assist, allowed the craft to reach Pluto at high velocity without the complications of slowing down, after which it proceeded further into the Kuiper Belt on an escape trajectory out of the Solar System.[3]

List of planetary flybys

More information Flyby date, Launch date ...
  • The Galileo flybys featured both purely gravitational assists and scientific experiments.

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    The International Astronomical Union classifies Charon as a moon. See Charon (moon)#Classification for details.

References

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    Talbert, Tricia (2015-03-25). "New Horizons: The First Mission to the Pluto System and the Kuiper Belt". NASA. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
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    "Nozomi". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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    "Hayabusa". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  41. [41]
    "Rosetta". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
  42. [42]
    "MESSENGER". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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    "Deep Impact/EPOXI". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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    "Dawn". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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    "Akatsuki". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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    "IKAROS". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
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    "Juno". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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  50. [50]
    "Hayabusa 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
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