Romania competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 68 competitors, 32 men and 36 women, took part in 59 events in 10 sports.^[1]

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.^[2]

Men's High Jump

• Sorin Matei

Women's 1,500 metres

• Paula Ivan
• Doina Melinte

Women's 3,000 metres

• Paula Ivan
• Maricica Puică

Women's High Jump

• Galina Astafei

Two female fencers represented Romania in 1988.

Women's foil

• Elisabeta Guzganu-Tufan
• Reka Zsofia Lazăr-Szabo

Women's 50m Freestyle

• Tamara Costache

• Heat – 26.06
• Final – 25.80 (→ 6th place)

• Liliana Dobrescu

• Heat – 26.56 (→ did not advance, 17th place)

Women's 100m Freestyle

• Liliana Dobrescu

• Heat – 56.67
• B-Final – 56.79 (→ 11th place)

• Tamara Costache

• Heat – 56.79
• B-Final – 57.11 (→ 16th place)

Women's 200m Freestyle

• Liliana Dobrescu

• Heat – 2:01.93
• B-Final – 2:01.98 (→ 12th place)

• Stela Marian Pura

• Heat – 2:02.26
• B-Final – 2:02.30 (→ 13th place)

Women's 400m Freestyle

• Noemi Lung

• Heat – 4:12.42
• B-Final – 4:11.68 (→ 10th place)

• Stela Marian Pura

• Heat – 4:15.78
• B-Final – 4:12.14 (→ 11th place)

Women's 100m Backstroke

• Aneta Patrscoiu

• Heat – 1:03.29
• B-Final – 1:03.33 (→ 9th place)

Women's 200m Backstroke

• Aneta Patrscoiu

• Heat – 2:17.25
• B-Final – 2:15.75 (→ 9th place)

Women's 100m Butterfly

• Stela Marian Pura

• Heat – 1:03.91 (→ did not advance, 24th place)

Women's 200m Butterfly

• Stela Marian Pura

• Heat – 2:12.53
• Final – 2:11.28 (→ 4th place)

Women's 200m Individual Medley

• Noemi Lung

• Heat – 2:15.55
• Final – 2:14.85 (→ Bronze Medal)

• Aneta Patrascoiu

• Heat – 2:17.39
• Final – 2:16.70 (→ 6th place)

Women's 400m Individual Medley

• Noemi Lung

• Heat – 4:41.96
• Final – 4:39.46 (→ Silver Medal)