Russula_subnigricans

<i>Russula subnigricans</i>

Russula subnigricans

Species of fungus

Russula subnigricans, known as the rank russula,[2] or Nise-Kurohatsu (Japanese), meaning "false blackening russula" is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Russula found in East Asia.

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Description

The flesh turns pale red when cut, but doesn't turn black unlike Russula nigricans.[1]

The species was named by Japanese mycologist Tsuguo Hongo in 1955.[1]

The name was formerly applied to the North American fungus Russula eccentrica in California.[3] It has been reclassified as Russula cantharellicola, where it grows in association with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in California oak woodland habitats.[4]

Toxicity

Russula subnigricans is a poisonous mushroom, and has been responsible for mushroom poisoning in Taiwan and Japan. The effect is a serious one, rhabdomyolysis.

The toxins responsible are the very unusual cycloprop-2-ene carboxylic acid (a toxic molecule consisting of only 10 atoms) and Russuphelin A (a heavily chlorinated polyphenolic).[5] [6]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Tsuguo Hongo (1955) Notes Japanese Larger Fungi(6). The Journal of Japanese Botany（植物研究雑誌）30(3), p.73-76.doi:10.51033/jjapbot.30_3_3843
  2. [2]
    Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
  3. [3]
    Wood M, Stevens F (2007). "California Fungi:Russula eccentrica". The Fungi of California website. Mykoweb. Archived from the original on 2008-05-10. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
  4. [4]
    Openjournals.wsu.edu: "A new species of Russula, subgenus Compactae from California" (2014).
  5. [5]
    Editorial, Reuters. "Experts identify toxic compound in deadly mushroom". Reuters.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  6. [6]
    Takahashi A, Agatsuma T, Matsuda M, Ohta T, Nunozawa T, Endo T, Nozoe S (1992). "Russuphelin A, a new cytotoxic substance from the mushroom Russula subnigricans Hongo". Chem Pharm Bull. 40 (12): 3185–88. doi:10.1248/cpb.40.3185. PMID 1294320.
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