Teberan_languages
Teberan languages
Papuan language family
The Teberan languages are a well established family of Papuan languages that Stephen Wurm (1975) grouped with the Pawaia language as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea phylum.
Teberan | |
---|---|
Dadibi–Folopa | |
Geographic distribution | Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification | Papuan Gulf?
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | tebe1251 |
Map: The Teberan languages of New Guinea
The Teberan languages
Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
There are two Teberan languages, Dadibi and Folopa (Podopa). They are spoken in Southern Highlands Province and in adjoining provinces.
Malcolm Ross (2005) tentatively retains both Teberan and Pawaia within TNG, but sees no other connection between them. Noting insufficient evidence, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) tentatively leave Teberan as unclassified rather than as part of Trans-New Guinea.[2]
Pawley and Hammarström (2018) do not consider there to be sufficient evidence for Teberan to be classified as part of Trans-New Guinea, though they do note the following lexical resemblances between the Teberan languages and proto-Trans-New Guinea.[2]
- ami ‘breast’ < *amu
- kabu ‘stone’ < *ka(mb,m)u[CV]
- kolemane ‘star’ < *kala(a,i)m ‘moon’
- kile ‘eye’ < *(ŋg,k)iti
According to Dryer (2022), based on a preliminary quantitative analysis of data from the ASJP database, Teberan is likely to be a subgroup of Trans–New Guinea.[3]
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[4]
gloss | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa | Dadibi | Folopa |
---|---|---|---|
head | *tobo | tobo-lu | tobo |
hair/feather | *ni[g]i | nisi | niki |
ear/hear | *[w]odzo | olo ~ odo- | woso 'hear'; woseni 'ear' |
eye | *ge[…] | ge-du | kele |
nose | *gun… | guni | gunumu; kurumu |
tongue | *kamina | hamina | |
bone | *di[l/r]i | dili | diri |
skin/bark | *wadz[i/e] | wali | wase |
breast | *ame | ame | ame |
dog | *j[o]wi | jowi ~ juwi | juwi |
pig | *kibu | kibu | hupu |
bird | *ba | ba | ba |
egg/seed | *ge | ge | ke |
tree/wood | *ni | ni | ni |
woman/female | *so | so | so |
sun/day | *s[u]g[a] | sogo | suka |
water | *wẽi | wẽ | wẽi |
fire/sun | *si[a] | sia | si |
path/door | *tũ | tũ | tũ ~ tu |
eat/drink | *nV- | n-/nuku- (present) | |
one/another | *me | me | me |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Macdonald (1973),[5] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[6]
gloss | Dadibi | Folopa (Sopese dialect) | Folopa (Bɔro dialect) | Folopa (Suri dialect) | Tebera |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
head | tobudu | topo | tobo | dobo | tobuřo |
hair | tobudu nizi | topo neki | tobu nigi | dobu nigi | tobu nigi |
ear | ořo | woleke | usani | ořoge | ozini |
eye | gedu | kele | kɩle | geře | kʌle |
nose | guni | fopa ai | fobaʔai | fobai | gunumu |
tooth | kɛli | seřeke | sɛřɛge | sɛřɛge | sega̧ |
tongue | hamiya | hape | habe | gonoma | habi |
leg | sa̧ga̧ | holȩke | ho̧ | hořoge | hɔ |
louse | no̧u̧ | doi | dui | dui | dui |
dog | yowi | ha̧u̧ | ha̧o̧ | ha̧o̧ | ha̧o̧ |
bird | ba | ba | ba | ba | ba |
egg | ba ge | ba ke | ba ge | ba age | ba ge |
blood | kanimi | wi | fage | fage | fɛ̧ |
bone | dili | təři | dʌři | dʌři | dɩli |
skin | tigiwali | tiki | sɛ̧ga̧i̧ | sɛ̧ga̧i̧ | sɛ̧ga̧i̧ |
breast | ami | awa̧ | a̧u̧wa | tigi a̧i̧ | ami |
tree | ni | ni | ni | ni | ni |
man | bidi | hwȩ | hwi̧ | hwi̧ | hwi̧ |
woman | we | šo | sou | sou | sou |
sun | giliga | suḳʷa | sugua | teřeuna | yȩ |
moon | podua | kasiapu | ha̧di | haři | koi |
water | a̧i̧; wȩ | ipi | wȩi̧ | wi̧ | wȩi̧ |
fire | sia | si | si | si | si |
stone | mazigi | kapo | kʰani | gabo | kabo |
name | nogi | doi | doi | nimi | diai |
eat | tubo | nae | nai | nae | nugidabo |
one | dɛlɛli | peta̧ti | mɛ̧ | koři sali demo | mɛzazibo |
two | si | tapala tamo | tamu | damo | dabada damubo |
- Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Dryer, Matthew S. (2022). Trans-New Guinea IV.2: Evaluating Membership in Trans-New Guinea.
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Dadibi–Folopa
- Macdonald, G.E. "The Teberan Language Family". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:111-148. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.111
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Dadibi–Folopa