Vute

Vute
Vute
Native to	Cameroon
Native speakers	(21,000 cited 1997)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Mambiloid Mambila–Konja Mambila–Vute Tep–Vute Vute languages Vute; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	vut
Glottolog	vute1244

Vute language

Mambiloid language of Cameroon

Vute is a Mambiloid language of Cameroon and Gabon, with a thousand speakers in Nigeria. The orthography was standardized on March 9, 1979.^[2] Noted dialect clusters are eastern, central, and Doume.

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Phonology

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[labialized-4] Only vowels /i/ /e/ /a/ may follow a labialized consonant.

[Doume-5] Doume dialect only.

[Doume&eastern-6] Doume and eastern dialects only.

[intervocalic_fricative-7] s a fricative [β] intervocalically. [ŋgáb] "they" -> [ŋgáβè] "their"

[intervocalic-8] s a fricative [ɣ] intervocalically. [ɡè nɨ] "to carry" -> [ɲdʒɨ̀ɨ̀ɣɨ̀βɨ̀] "of leprosy"

[low_frequency-9] Low frequency^[4]

[10] Central dialects only

[12] tially: [leè] "wall ; intervocalically: [tòɾò] "papaya' ; finally: [bɨ́r] "oil palm tree"

[e18-1] [1]
Vute at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[:0-2] [2]
Thwing, Rhonda (2004) [1981]. "Vute Orthography Statement" (PDF). General Alphabet of Cameroonian Languages.

[:1-3] [3]
Thwing, Rhonda Ann (1987). The Vute Noun Phrase and the Relationship Between Vute and Bantu (Cameroon). Ann Arbor: UMI.

[11] [4]
"PHOIBLE 2.0 -". phoible.org. Retrieved 2020-02-01.

[2]

[1]

[3]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]

[lower-alpha 5]

[lower-alpha 6]

[lower-alpha 7]

[lower-alpha 8]

[4]

		Labial		Dental/ Alveolar		Post- alveolar		Palatal	Velar		Labial– velar	Glottal
		plain	lab.^{[lower-alpha 1]}	plain	lab.^{[lower-alpha 1]}	plain	lab.^{[lower-alpha 1]}	Palatal	plain	lab.	Labial– velar	plain	lab.^{[lower-alpha 1]}
Nasal		m ⟨m⟩	mʷ ⟨mw⟩	n ⟨n⟩				ɲ ⟨ny⟩	ŋ ⟨ŋ⟩
Implosive		ɓ ⟨ɓ⟩	ɓʷ ⟨ɓw⟩	ɗ ⟨ɗ⟩	ɗʷ ⟨ɗw⟩^{[lower-alpha 2]}
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p ⟨p⟩		t ⟨t⟩		t͡ʃ ⟨c⟩	t͡ʃʷ ⟨cw⟩^{[lower-alpha 3]}		k ⟨k⟩	kʷ ⟨kw⟩	k͡p ⟨kp⟩
	voiced	b^{[lower-alpha 4]}⟨b⟩		d ⟨d⟩		d͡ʒ ⟨j⟩	d͡ʒʷ ⟨jw⟩^{[lower-alpha 3]}		g^{[lower-alpha 5]}⟨g⟩	gʷ ⟨gw⟩	ɡ͡b ⟨gb⟩
	prenasalized	ᵐb ⟨mb⟩		ⁿd ⟨nd⟩	ⁿdʷ ⟨ndw⟩^{[lower-alpha 3]}	ⁿd͡ʒ ⟨nj⟩^{[lower-alpha 6]}			ᵑg ⟨ŋg⟩	ᵑgʷ ⟨ŋgw⟩	ᵑᵐɡ͡b ⟨mgb⟩^{[lower-alpha 6]}
Fricative	voiceless	f ⟨f⟩	fʷ ⟨fw⟩^{[lower-alpha 2]}	s ⟨s⟩	sʷ ⟨sw⟩^{[lower-alpha 3]}							h ⟨h⟩	hʷ ⟨hw⟩^{[lower-alpha 7]}
	voiced	v ⟨v⟩
	prenasalized	ᶬv ⟨mv⟩^{[lower-alpha 6]}
Rhotic				(ɾ~r)^{[lower-alpha 8]}
Approximant				l ⟨l⟩				j ⟨y⟩			w ⟨w⟩

Tone Category	IPA	Orthography	Example	Gloss
high tone	˦	á, áá	tím	blood
mid tone	˧	a, aa	məb	louse
low tone	˨	à, àà	tɨ̀mnɨ	to drown
mid-high	˧˥	a, aá	tɨm	antelope
low-high*	˩˥	à	ɓùn	grass
high-low	˥˩	â, áà	bɨ̂ŋ	round, complete
high-mid	˥˧	â, áa	mîn	good
high-low-high	˥˩˦	âá	sîím	rainy season

Oral		Nasal
Long	Short	Long	Short
[iː] ii	[i~ɪ] i	[ĩː] i̧i̧	[ĩ] i̧
[eː] ee	[e~ɛ] e	[ɛ̃ː] ȩȩ	[ɛ̃] ȩ
[ɨː] ɨɨ	[ɨ] ɨ	[ɨ̃ː] ɨ̧ɨ̧	[ɨ̃] ɨ̧
[əː] əə	[ə] ə	[ə̃ː] ə̧ə̧	[ə̃] ə̧
[aː] aa	[a] a	[ãː] a̧a̧	[ã] a̧
[uː] uu	[u~ʊ] u	[ũː] u̧u̧	[ũ] u̧
[oː] oo	[o~ɔ] o	[õː] o̧o̧	[õ] o̧
[ɔː] ɔɔ	[ɔ] ɔ	[ɔ̃ː] ɔ̧ɔ̧	[ɔ̃] ɔ̧
[ei] ei		[ẽĩ] ȩi̧
[ai] ai		[ãĩ] a̧i̧
[ɨi] ɨi		[ɨ̃ĩ] ɨ̧i̧
[əi] əi		[ə̃ĩ] ə̧i̧
[oi] oi		[õĩ] o̧i̧

Vute

Vute language

Phonology

Consonants

Tones^[2]

Vowels^[2]^[3]

References

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Vute

Phonology

Consonants

Tones[2]

Vowels[2][3]

References

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Tones^[2]

Vowels^[2]^[3]