Wyndham is the northernmost town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 3,315 kilometres (2,060 mi) northeast of Perth via the Great Northern Highway. It was established in 1886 to service a new goldfield at Halls Creek, and it is now a port and service centre for the east Kimberley with a population of 941 as of the 2021 census.^[2] Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 54% of the population. Wyndham comprises two areas - the original town site at Wyndham Port situated on Cambridge Gulf, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) by road to the south, the Three Mile area with the residential and shopping area for the port, also founded in 1886.^[3] Wyndham is part of the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley.

Quick Facts Wyndham Western Australia, Coordinates ...

Wyndham Western Australia
Wyndham's Three Mile area, looking south to the King River
Wyndham
Coordinates	15°28′57″S 128°7′22″E
Population	745 (UCL 2021)[1]
Established	1886
Postcode(s)	6740
Elevation	11 m (36 ft)
Area	936.1 km2 (361.4 sq mi)
Location	3,315 km (2,060 mi) NNE of Perth 928 km (577 mi) SW of Darwin 101 km (63 mi) NW of Kununurra 911 km (566 mi) ENE of Broome
LGA(s)	Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley
State electorate(s)	Kimberley
Federal division(s)	Durack
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 35.6 °C 96 °F 23.1 °C 74 °F 827.7 mm 32.6 in

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Wyndham is within traditional Doolboong country.^[5]

The first European to visit the area was Phillip Parker King in 1819. He was instructed to find a river "likely to lead to an interior navigation into the great continent". He sailed into Cambridge Gulf, which he named after the Duke of Cambridge, and then sailed up a river which was subsequently named after him. Finding no fresh water on the mudflats, he departed.

Wyndham was established on 14 April 1886, by government resident and warden Charles Danvers Price,^[6] who led a party including commissioner of crown lands John Forrest on the Adelaide Steamship Company mail steamer SS Albany.^[7][8]

Price selected Wyndham as the name for the new town, after Walter George Wyndham, the young stepson of the governor of Western Australia Sir Frederick Napier Broome.^[9][10]

By late-1886, the town was booming and there were three hotels at the port, one of which was a two-storey building, and two taverns at Three Mile Camp, as well as stores, bootmakers' and butchers' shops, a billiard room, a soda water factory, commission agencies, auctioneers and other businesses.^[11][3] Ships brought in at least five thousand miners, who headed off to the Halls Creek goldfields. During this boom there were times when up to 16 vessels were moored in Cambridge Gulf.

However, by 1888, the gold rush at Halls Creek had ended and the fortunes of Wyndham declined. It became a tiny settlement serving the pastoral interests in the East Kimberley. By 1912, money had virtually disappeared from the Wyndham economy, and purchases were paid for using promissory notes known as "shinplasters".

In 1942, during World War II, the town and its aerodrome were attacked on four occasions by Japanese aircraft.

Wyndham's significance as a service centre was crucial for the construction of the Ord River Diversion Dam and the town of Kununurra in the early 1960s. With the rise of Kununurra as a larger population centre, the significance of Wyndham as a service centre had diminished by the 1980s. Wyndham has regained significance as the port for the region with new mines shipping ore from the port.

In 1913, the Western Australian government started to construct the Wyndham Meatworks to restart the town's economy. The construction efforts were interrupted by the Nevanas affair and World War I, but the meatworks were completed in 1919 to a design by William Hardwick, who later became the Principal Architect of Western Australia.^[12] The meatworks were the mainstay of the town's economy until their closure in 1985; the town also supported the Air Beef Scheme, which ran from 1947 to 1965.^[13][14]

Wyndham is on the eastern side of Cambridge Gulf, an inlet of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf in the Timor Sea. It is surrounded by the Durack, Pentecost and King rivers to the south, Forrest River to the west and Ord River to the north. Much of the land around Wyndham is inhospitable, and includes the Bastion Range and the mudflats of the Cambridge Gulf. The Bastion Range is the site of the 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) Wyndham Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it holds the largest known population of endangered Gouldian finches.^[15]

Wyndham experiences a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), being a little too dry to be classified as a tropical savanna climate (Aw), with a wet season from late November to March and a dry season from April to early November. The hottest month is November with an average maximum temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F), and the coolest month is June with an average maximum of 31.0 °C (87.8 °F). The annual average maximum temperature is 35.6 °C (96.1 °F), one of the highest in Australia. In 1946, Wyndham recorded 333 consecutive days of temperatures over 32 °C (90 °F).^[16] The wet season is very humid with the average dewpoint temperature at 3pm in February being 22.4 °C (72.3 °F). In the dry season, in August, it is 8.3 °C (46.9 °F).

Large rain events do occur in Wyndham, such as on 4 March 1919 when 318 millimetres (12.5 in) of rain were recorded over a 24-hour period, followed by another 117 millimetres (4.6 in) the next day.^[17]

Jirrawun Arts was an Indigenous Australian art centre, established in 1998 in Kununurra before moving to Wyndham in 2006. It was notable as the base for contemporary Indigenous Australian artists of the eastern Kimberley region, including Paddy Bedford and Freddie Timms. It closed in 2010. Their art was exhibited in exhibitions in Melbourne and elsewhere.^[27][28]

The Wyndham area was a filming location for:

• The 1946 film The Overlanders^[29]
• The 1997 documentary film The Human Race
• The 2004 US reality TV series Outback Jack, at El Questro Station^[30]
• The 2007 Dutch reality TV series Outback Jack, at Home Valley Station^[31]
• The 2008 film Australia^[32]
• The 2010 film Mad Bastards, as the fictional town of Five Rivers^[33]
• The 2012 film Satellite Boy, in and around Wyndham^[34]
• The 2013 TV series Who Do You Think You Are?, Series 5 Episode 1, Rove McManus^[35]
• The 2018 TV series Mystery Road, as the fictional town of Patterson^[36]