List_of_last_known_speakers_of_languages

Language Endangerment Status
by UNESCO *Atlas of the World's*
*Languages in Danger* category
Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX);	(lists);
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR); Severely Endangered (SE); Definitely Endangered (DE); Vulnerable (VU);	(list); (list); (list); (list);
Safe
Safe (NE);	(lists);
	Other categories
Revived (RE); Constructed (CL);	(list); (list);
	Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger; Endangered Languages Project; Ethnologue; Unclassified language; List of languages by total number of speakers;
	; UNESCO Atlas of the World's; Languages in Danger categories
	v; t; e;

List of languages by time of extinction

Extinct languages, by time of extinction

An extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes extinct upon the death of its last native speaker, the terminal speaker. A language like Latin is not extinct in this sense, because it evolved into the modern Romance languages; it is impossible to state when Latin became extinct because there is a diachronic continuum (compare synchronic continuum) between ancestors Late Latin and Vulgar Latin on the one hand and descendants like Old French and Old Italian on the other; any cutoff date for distinguishing ancestor from descendant is arbitrary. For many languages which have become extinct in recent centuries, attestation of usage is datable in the historical record, and sometimes the terminal speaker is identifiable. In other cases, historians and historical linguists may infer an estimated date of extinction from other events in the history of the sprachraum.

Quick Facts Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category, Extinct (EX) ...

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[22] [N 1]
Last surviving native speaker; it is being taught as a second language on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State.

[24] [N 2]
Last surviving native speaker; some children still learn it as a second language.

[72] [N 3]
Brother of Lenape traditionalist and language preservation activist Nora Thompson Dean

[144] [N 4]
The last full-blooded Selknam Indian, but some have suggested certain people remained fluent in the languages until the 1980s.

[152] [N 5]
Last attested speaker of a Chumashan language

[194] [N 6]
Last member of the Yahi, the last surviving group of the Yana people who spoke Yana

[199] [N 7]
Considered to be the last fluent speaker of a Tasmanian language.

[211] [N 8]
Considered to be the last full-blood speaker of a Tasmanian language;^[203] however, Fanny Cochrane Smith, who spoke one of the Tasmanian languages, outlived her.

[214] [N 9]
Last full-blooded speaker, though partial knowledge of this language continued among mixed Cayuga-Tutelo descendants for some time.

[235] [N 10]
Possibly the last fluent native speaker of the Cornish language, was monoglot until her twenties. See Last speaker of the Cornish language.

[251] [N 11]
Last person known to speak, read, and write in Khitan.

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[bd-34] [32]
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Mithun 336

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"Ethnologue report for language code: aea". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2015.

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"Ethnologue report for language code: amz". Archived from the original on 9 March 2015.

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"Ineseño". Ethnologue.

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[84] [81]
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[85] [82]
"Yupik, Sirenik". Ethnologue.

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[87] [84]
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"Ethnologue report for language code: KTQ". Archived from the original on 15 December 2001.

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"Ethnologue report for language code: SZD". Archived from the original on 28 January 2002.

[Crystal2002-91] [88]
David Crystal (29 April 2002). Language Death. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-521-01271-3.

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[95] [92]
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[kzl-101] [98]
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George van Driem (2001), Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region : Containing an Introduction to the Symbiotic Theory of Language, BRILL, ISBN 90-04-12062-9, ... The Aka-Kol tribe of Middle Andaman became extinct by 1921. The Oko-Juwoi of Middle Andaman and the Aka-Bea of South Andaman and Rutland Island were extinct by 1931. The Akar-Bale of Ritchie's Archipelago, the Aka-Kede of Middle Andaman and the A-Pucikwar of South Andaman Island soon followed. By 1951, the census counted a total of only 23 Greater Andamanese and 10 Sentinelese. That means that just ten men, twelve women and one child remained of the Aka-Kora, Aka-Cari and Aka-Jeru tribes of Greater Andaman and only ten natives of North Sentinel Island ...

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[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[notes 1]

[22]

[notes 2]

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[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

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[32]

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[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[notes 3]

[70]

[71]

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Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	(lists)
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Terminal speaker	Notes
2 May 2023	Columbia-Moses language	Salishan	Washington (state), US	Pauline Stensgar^[1]
5 October 2022	Mednyj Aleut	Mixed Aleut–Russian	Commander Islands, Russia	Gennady Yakovlev^[2]
16 February 2022	Yahgan	Isolated	Magallanes, Chile	Cristina Calderón^[3]
25 September 2021	Wukchumni dialect of Tule-Kaweah Yokuts	Yok-Utian (proposed)	California, United States	Marie Wilcox^[4]
27 August 2021	Yuchi	Isolated	Tennessee (formerly), Oklahoma, United States	Maxine Wildcat Barnett^[5]
7 March 2021	Bering Aleut	Eskimo-Aleut	Kamchatka Krai, Russia	Vera Timoshenko^[6]
2 February 2021	Juma	Kawahiva	Rondônia, Brazil	Aruka Juma^[7]
2 December 2020	Tuscarora	Iroquoian	North Carolina, United States	Kenneth Patterson^[8]
4 April 2020	Aka-Cari	Great Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Licho^[9]
23 March 2019	Ngandi	Arnhem	Northern Territory, Australia	C. W. Daniels^[10]^[11]
4 January 2019	Tehuelche	Chonan	Patagonia, Argentina	Dora Manchado^[12]^[13]
9 December 2016	Mandan	Siouan	North Dakota, United States	Edwin Benson^[14]
30 August 2016	Wichita	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	Doris McLemore^[15]
29 July 2016	Gugu Thaypan	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Tommy George^[16]
11 February 2016	Nuchatlaht dialect of Nuu-chah-nulth	Wakashan	British Columbia, Canada	Alban Michael^[17]
4 January 2016	Whulshootseed	Salishan	Washington, United States	Ellen Williams^[18]^[19]
4 February 2014	Klallam	Salishan	Washington, United States	Hazel Sampson^[20]^[21]^{[notes 1]}
By 2014	Demushbo	Panoan	Amazon Basin, Brazil
5 June 2013	Livonian	Uralic > Finnic	Latvia	Grizelda Kristiņa^[22]^{[notes 2]}	Under a process of revival.^[23]
26 March 2013	Yurok	Algic	California, United States	Archie Thompson^[24]	Under a process of revival.^[25]
By 2013	Sabüm	Mon–Khmer	Perak, Malaysia		2013 extinction is based on ISO changing it from living to extinct in 2013
2 October 2012	Cromarty dialect of Scots	Germanic	Northern Scotland, United Kingdom	Bobby Hogg^[26]
11 July 2012	Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Gladys Thompson^[27]
10 March 2012	Holikachuk	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Wilson "Tiny" Deacon^[28]
c. 2012	Dhungaloo	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Roy Hatfield^[29]
c. 2012	Ngasa	Nilo-Saharan	Tanzania		Most speakers have shifted to Chaga
by 2012	Mardijker	Portuguese-based Creole	Jakarta, Indonesia	Oma Mimi Abrahams^[30]
10 April 2011	Apiaká	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Pedrinho Kamassuri^[31]
2011	Lower Arrernte	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia	Brownie Doolan Perrurle^[32]
by 2011	Anserma	Chocoan	Antioquia Department, Colombia
24 October 2010	Pazeh	Austronesian	Taiwan	Pan Jin-yu^[33]
20 August 2010	Cochin Indo-Portuguese Creole	Portuguese-based Creole	Southern India	William Rozario^[33]
26 January 2010	Aka-Bo	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Boa Sr.^[34]
November 2009	Aka-Kora	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Ms. Boro^[35]
22 February 2009	Aka-Jeru	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	Nao Jr.^[36]
2009	Nyawaygi	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Willie Seaton^[37]
by 2009	Muruwari	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia		^[38]
by 2009	Agavotaguerra	Arawakan	Brazil		^[39]
by 2009	Arikem	Tupian	Brazil		^[40]
by 2009	Karipúna	Tupian	Brazil		^[41]
by 2009	Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe	Macro-Jê	Brazil		^[42]
by 2009	Aribwatsa	Malayo-Polynesian	Papua New Guinea		^[43]
by 2009	Lelak	Malayo-Polynesian	Sarawak, Malaysia
by 2009	Papora-Hoanya	Austronesian	Taiwan		^[44]
by 2009	Warluwara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
30 July 2008	Tübatulabal	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	James Andreas	^[45]
after April 2008	Dura	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	Soma Devi Dura^[46]
24 February 2008	Plains Apache	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oklahoma, United States	Alfred Chalepah Jr.
21 January 2008	Eyak	Na-Dene	Alaska, United States	Marie Smith Jones^[47]
Late 2000s	Ruga	Sino-Tibetan	East Garo Hills district		Most people who identify themselves as Ruga speak Garo.
2007	Northeastern Maidu	Maiduan	Central California		Under process of revival
10 August 2007	Gros Ventre	Algic > Algonquian	Montana, United States	Theresa Lamebull^[48]^[49]
c. 2007	Javindo	Dutch-based creole	Java, Indonesia		^[50]
by 2007	Hpun	Sino-Tibetan > Burmish	Myanmar		^[51]
by 2007	Hoti	Austronesian > CEMP	Seram, Indonesia
11 July 2006	Wasco dialect of Upper Chinook	Chinookan	Oregon, United States	Madeline Brunoe McInturff^[52]
2006	Zire	Malayo-Polynesian	New Caledonia
2006	Ludza dialect of Estonian	Finnic	Latvia	Nikolājs Nikonovs^[53]
3 November 2005	Osage	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	Lucille Roubedeaux^[54]
2005	Berbice Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	Bertha Bell^[55]
by 2005	Barrow Point	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	Urwunjin Roger Hart^[56]
20 September 2004	Nüshu script	unclassified	Hunan, China	Yang Huanyi^[57]^[58]
ca. 2004 (?)	Duli	Niger-Congo > Adamawa	Cameroon		^[59]
29 December 2003	Akkala Sami	Uralic > Sami	Kola Peninsula, Russia	Marja Sergina^[60]^[61]
22 November 2003	Wintu	Wintuan	California, United States	Flora Jones^[62]
14 September 2003	Klamath-Modoc	Penutian	Oregon, United States	Neva Eggsman^[63]^[64]
September 2003	Garig Ilgar	Pama-Nyungan	Northern Territory, Australia		^[65]
by 2003	Alngith	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
by 2003	Areba	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		^[66]
by 2003	Atampaya	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		^[67]
by 2003	Umbindhamu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia		^[68]
by 2003	Makolkol	Unclassified	New Britain, Papua New Guinea		possible Papuan language
2003	Umotína	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Brazil
4 November 2002	Serrano	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	Dorothy Ramon	A revitalization process is happening.
31 August 2002	Unami	Algic > Algonquian	Delaware, United States	Edward Thompson^[69]^{[notes 3]}
23 May 2002	Gaagudju	Arnhem Land languages	Northern Territory, Australia	Big Bill Neidjie^[70]
c. 2001	Rennellese Sign Language	Unclassified	Solomon Islands	Kagobai
by 2001	Amanayé	Tupian	Brazil		^[71]
c. 2000	Chiapanec	Oto-Manguean	Chiapas, Mexico
c. 2000	Mapia	Chuukic	Mapia Atoll, Indonesia
c. 2000	Cholón	Hibito–Cholon	Huallaga River Valley
c. 2000	Lapachu	Arawakan	Apolobamba		It is possible there are still a few very old speakers.
c. 2000	Poyanawa	Panoan	Acre, Brazil		12 speakers were reported in 1992.
By 2000	Central Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	Northern California
By 2000	Maku language of Auari	Unclassified	Roraima, Brazil	Sinfrônio Magalhães (Kuluta)
2000s	Shiriana	Arawakan	Brazil

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
19th-20th century	Yuri	Ticuna-Yuri	Along the Caquetá River.
late 19th century	Adai	isolate	Louisiana, United States
late 19th century	Purí	Macro-Jê	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Coroado Purí	Macro-Jê	southeastern Brazil
late 19th century	Istrian Albanian	Albanian	Croatia
late 19th century	Shebaya	Arawakan	Trinidad
later 19th century (?)	Mbara	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	^[197]
May 1900	Moriori	Malayo-Polynesian	Chatham Island, New Zealand	with the death of Hirawanu Tapu^[198]
ca. 1899	Nawathinehena	Algic > Algonquian	Oklahoma and Wyoming, United States^[199]
by 1899	Ahom	Tai	India
by 1899	Waling	Sino-Tibetan	Nepal	^[200]
10 June 1898	Dalmatian	Romance	Croatia; Montenegro	with the death of Tuone Udaina^[201]^[202]
after 1894	Tsetsaut	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	British Columbia, Canada
after 1892	Awabakal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
after 1886	Maritsauá	Tupian	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Word list was made in 1884 during the Shingú river expedition.
after 1886	Solteco Zapotec	Oto-Manguean	Oaxaca, Mexico
after 1886	Comecrudo	Comecrudan	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1886	Cotoname	isolate	Mexico; Texas, United States
after 1884	Yaquina	Penutian	Oregon, United States
after 1880	Kenaboi	unclassified (Language isolate?)	Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
ca. 1880	Auregnais	Romance	Alderney, United Kingdom
1877	Aruá	Arauan	Brazil
after 1871	Duit	Chibcha	Boyacá, Colombia	One fragment analysed by scholar Ezequiel Uricoechea in 1871.
8 May 1876	Bruny Island	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Truganini^{[notes 8]}
mid-1870s	Yola	Germanic	Wexford, Ireland	^[204]
21 February 1871	Tutelo	Siouan	Virginia, United States	with the death of Nikonha^[205]^{[notes 9]}
1870	Clatskanie	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Washington (state), United States
after 1867	Andoquero	Witotoan	Colombia	^[206]
1864	Xakriabá	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais state, Brazil
1862	Caquetio	Arawakan	Aruba	with the death of Nicolaas Pyclas^[207]
1858	Karankawa	unclassified	Texas, United States	concurrent with the extermination of the tribe at the hands of Juan Cortina
ca. 1857	Woiwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
26 December 1856	Nanticoke	Algic > Algonquian	Delaware and Maryland, United States	with the death of Lydia Clark^[208]
12 January 1855	Wampanoag	Algic > Algonquian	Massachusetts, United States	Nantucket Wampanoag disappeared with the death of Dorcas Honorable^[209]
after 1853	Samaritan	Semitic	West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories	Still used as a liturgical language^[210]
19 October 1853	Nicoleño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juana Maria^[211]
after 1851	Wainumá-Mariaté	Arawakan	Amazonas, Colombia	A word list was collected by Alfred Russel Wallace in 1851.
after 1850	Hibito	Hibito–Cholon	Bobonaje River Valley	There were 500 Speakers in 1850.
ca. 1850	Norn	North Germanic	Northern Isles, United Kingdom	with the death of Walter Sutherland^[212]^[213]
mid-19th century	Shinnecock	Algic > Algonquian	New York, United States
mid-19th century	Betoi	Betoi-Saliban?	Orinoco Llanos
ca. 1850s	Kott	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[138]
after or during 1840s	Bororo of Cabaçal	Macro-Jê languages	Mato Grosso, Brazil
ca. 1840s	Mator	Uralic > Samoyedic	Sayan Mountains, Russia
after 1839	Gulidjan	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
1838	Nottoway	Iroquoian	Virginia, United States	with the death of Edith Turner
after 1836	Wathawurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
after 1835	Pali	Indo-Aryan	India; Myanmar	^[214]
after 1833	Esselen	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
after 1833	Cararí	Arawakan	Mucuim River, Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1833.
after 1832	Charrúa language	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Guenoa language	Charruan languages	Entre Ríos Province and Uruguay
after 1832	Aroaqui	Arawakan	Lower Rio Negro Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1832	Parawana	Arawakan	Lower Branco River Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1832.
after 1831	Mepuri	Arawakan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
after 1831	Mainatari	Arawakan	Siapa River (Orinoco basin) Venezuela	A word list was collected by Johann Natterer in 1831.
6 June 1829	Beothuk	Algic (disputed)	Newfoundland, Canada	with the death of Shanawdithit^[215]
after 1828	Garza	Comecrudan	Mexico
after 1828	Mamulique	Comecrudan	Nuevo León, Mexico
1821	Karkin	Penutian	California, United States
1820s-1830s	Acroá	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
after 1819	Peerapper	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
10 April 1815	Tambora	unclassified (Papuan)	Sumbawa	following the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora^[216]
after 1808	Nuennone	Tasmanian	Tasmania, Australia
ca. 1803	Bunwurrung	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 1800	Pallanganmiddang	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia
ca. 19th century	Coptic	Afroasiatic	Egypt	apparently only in scattered places since the 17th century;^[217] still in use as a liturgical language
ca. 19th century	Crimean Gothic	Germanic	Crimea, Ukraine
ca. 19th century	Assan	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[138]
ca. 19th century	Mangue	Oto-Manguean	Central America
ca. 19th century	Sandy River Valley Sign Language	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language or isolate	Maine, United States
19th century	Mediterranean Lingua Franca	Romance-based Pidgin	Tunisia; Greece; Cyprus	^[218]
19th century	Chorotega	Oto-Manguean	Costa Rica; Nicaragua	^[219]
19th century	Matagalpa	Misumalpan	Nicaragua
19th century	Ramaytush	Penutian	California, United States
19th century	Kemi Sami	Uralic > Sami	Lapland, Finland	^[220]
19th century	Jaikó	Macro-Jê	southeastern Piauí
early 19th century	Cochimí	Yuman-Cochimi (Hokan?)	Baja California, Mexico
early 19th century	Yurats	Samoyedic	central Siberia, Russia
early 19th century	Wila'	Austroasiatic	Seberang Perai, Malaysia
early 19th century	Pumpokol	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[138]

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 18th century	Esuma	Kwa	southern Côte d'Ivoire	^[221]
late 18th century	Maipure	Arawakan	Upper Orinoco region
after the late 1790s	Chiriba	Panoan	Moxos Province, Bolivia	All that was recorded of it was a list of seven words in the late 1790s.
after 1794	Magiana	Arawakan	Bolivia	Magiana, an extinct Bolivia-Parana Arawakan language of Bolivia attested only with the wordlist in Palau, Mercedes and Blanca Saiz 1989 [1794].
after 1791	Eora	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and New South Wales, Australia	^[222]
after 1791	Quiripi	Algic > Algonquian	Connecticut/New York/New Jersey, United States	^[223]
ca. 1790s	Powhatan	Algic > Algonquian	eastern Virginia, United States
ca. 1790s	Ramanos	Unclassified	Moxos Province, Bolivia
after 1788	Gundungurra	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	^[224]
after 1788	Otomaco	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos	Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788	Taparita	Otomakoan	Venezuelan Llanos	Known from a wordlist by Father Gerónimo José de Luzena written in December of 1788.
after 1788	Ngunnawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	^[224]
after 1788	Thurawal	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	^[224]
26 December 1777	Cornish	Celtic	Cornwall, England	with the death of Dolly Pentreath^[225]^{[notes 10]}
after 1770	Weyto	unclassified	Ethiopia
after 1770	Tamanaku	Cariban languages	Venezuela
1770	Cuman	Turkic	north of Black Sea; Hungary	with the death of István Varró^[226]
ca. 1770s	Abipón	Mataco–Guaicuru	Argentina
after 1763	Susquehannock	Iroquoian	Northeastern United States	After the Conestoga massacre.
1760	Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom	with the death of Margaret McMurray
3 October 1756	Polabian	Slavic	around the Elbe river, Poland/Germany	with the death of Emerentz Schultze^[227]
ca. 1730s	Arin	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Russia	^[138]
18th Century	Plateau Sign Language	Contact pidgin	Columbia Plateau, United States
18th century	Coahuilteco	isolate/unclassified	Mexico; Texas, United States
18th century	Loup language	Algic > Algonquian	Massachusetts and Connecticut, United States
18th century	Chibcha	Chibchan	Colombia
18th century	Manao	Arawakan	Brazil
18th century	Classical Gaelic	Celtic	Ireland and Scotland, United Kingdom	The literary language. Fell out of use with the collapse of Gaelic society.^[228]
ca. 18th century	Chané	Arawakan	Argentina	a dialect of Terêna
early 18th century	Apalachee	Muskogean	Florida, United States
early 18th century	Old Prussian	Baltic	Poland
18th century or earlier	Omok	Yukaghir	Omok was spoken in Sakha and Magadan in Russia.
18th century or earlier	Chuvan	Yukaghir	Chuvan was spoken in Anadyr (river) basin of Chukotka in Russia.

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
between 17th and 19th century	Niuatoputapu	Malayo-Polynesian	Niuatoputapu Island, Tonga	^[229]
late 17th to early 18th century	Cacán	unclassified	northern Argentina; Chile
Maybe 17th to 18th century	Acaxee	Uto-Aztecan	Northwestern Mexico
Maybe 17th to 18th century	Xixime	Uto-Aztecan	Northwestern Mexico
by 1700	Pidgin Delaware	Delaware-based pidgin	Delaware, United States	^[230]
late 17th century	Sudovian	Baltic	Lithuania
after 1666	Old Kentish Sign Language	Village sign language	Kent, England	^[231]
after 1643	Narragansett	Algic > Algonquian	New England, United States	^[232]
after 1640	Yaio	Cariban	Trinidad and French Guiana	Attested in a 1640 word list recorded by Joannes de Laet.
ca. 1635	Jurchen	Tungusic	Manchuria, China	^[233]
after 1618	Lumbee	Algic > Algonquian	North Carolina and Maryland, United States	^[234]
after 1618	Carolina Algonquian	Algic > Algonquian	North Carolina, United States	^[234]
17th century	Armeno-Kipchak	Turkic	Crimea	^[235]
17th century	Etchemin	Algic > Algonquian	Maine, United States
17th century	Jassic	Iranian	Hungary
17th century	Gorgotoqui	Macro-Jê	eastern Bolivia
17th century	Curonian	Baltic	Latvia
17th century	Andalusi Arabic	Semitic	southern Spain
17th century ca.	Cazcan	Uto-Aztecan	Mexico

List_of_last_known_speakers_of_languages

List of languages by time of extinction

List

21st century

20th century

19th century

18th century

17th century

16th century

15th century

14th century

13th century

11th and 12th centuries

10th century

9th century

8th century

7th century

6th century

5th century

4th century

3rd century

2nd century

1st century

1st century BCE

2nd century BCE

3rd century BCE

4th century BCE

5th century BCE

6th century BCE

7th century BCE

2nd millennium BCE

3rd millennium BCE

Unknown date

See also

Notes

References

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Date	Language or dialect	Language family	Region	Notes
20th-21st century (?)	Ayabadhu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[72]
20th-21st century (?)	Aghu Tharnggala	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[72]
20th-21st century (?)	Adithinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Arritinngithigh	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia
20th-21st century (?)	Gurnai	Pama-Nyungan	Victoria, Australia	now being revived^[72]
20th-21st century	Southern Kayapó	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Brazil	Hypothesized to be the ancestor of Panará.
late 20th century (?)	Nganyaywana	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 20th century (?)	Ngamini	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia
late 20th century (?)	Nila	Austronesian	Nila Island, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Nila^[73]
late 20th century (?)	Serua	Austronesian	Mount Serua, Indonesia	Speakers were relocated to Seram due to volcanic activity on Serua^[73]
late 20th century	Newfoundland Irish	Celtic	Newfoundland, Canada	^[74]
late 20th century	Soyot-Tsaatan language	Turkic	Buryatia, Khövsgöl Province	Partly revitalized
late 20th century	Saraveca	Arawakan	Eastern lowlands Bolivia
From 1980 to 2000	Tepecano	Uto-Aztecan	Central Mexico	Last known speaker Lino de la Rosa was alive in 1980
c. 2000	Mesmes	Semitic	Ethiopia	with the death of Abegaz^[75]^[76]
c. 2000	Kamarian	Austronesian	west Seram Island, Indonesia
2000	Sowa	Malayo-Polynesian	Pentecost Island, Vanuatu	with the death of Maurice Tabi^[77]
late 1990s	Munichi	unclassified	Loreto Region, Peru	with the death of Victoria Huancho Icahuate
1999	Nyulnyul	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Carmel Charles^[78]
by 1999	Ineseño	Chumashan	California, United States	^[79]
1998	Yola	Germanic	County Wexford, Ireland
1998	Mlahsô	Semitic	Syria; Turkey	with the death of Ibrahim Hanna^[80]
by 1998	Skepi Creole Dutch	Dutch-based creole	Guyana	^[81]
after or in 1997	Aribwatsa	Lower Markham languages	Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea	Exact date of extinction is unknown although it's believed to be in 2000. Most descendants have switched to the Bukawa language.
1997-98	Ngarnka	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
January 1997	Sireniki Yupik	Eskimo–Aleut	Chukotka Peninsula, Russia	with the death of Valentina Wye^[82]
1997	Guazacapán	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala
1997	Jumaytepeque	Xincan	By Volcán Jumaytepeque, Guatemala
ca. 1996 (?)	Malaryan	Dravidian	Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India	^[83]
16 December 1996	Iowa-Oto	Siouan	Oklahoma and Kansas, United States	with the death of Truman Washington Dailey^[84]
1996	Chiquimulilla	Xincan	Chiquimulilla, Guatemala	The last semi-speaker Julian de la Cruz died in 1996.
by 1996	Katabaga	Malayo-Polynesian	Philippines	^[85]
by 1996	Palumata	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	^[86]
before 1996	Seru	Malayo-Polynesian	Sarawak, Malaysia	^[87]
5 November 1995	Kasabe	Niger–Congo	Cameroon	with the death of Bogon^[88]
6 August 1995	Martuthunira	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	with the death of Algy Paterson^[89]
8 January 1995	Northern Pomo	Pomoan (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Edna Campbell Guerrero
16 May 1994	Luiseño language	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California	Extinct in 1994, with the death of Villiana Calac Hyde. A revitalization process is happening.
30 April 1994	Sakhalin Ainu	Ainu languages	Japan	with the death of Take Asai^[90]
13 July 1993	Eastern Abnaki	Algic > Algonquian	Maine, United States	with the death of Madeline Shay^[91]^[92]
1993	Andoa	Zaparoan	Peru	^[93]
7 October 1992	Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	Balıkesir Province, Turkey	with the death of Tevfik Esenç^[94]
23 February 1991	Roncalese (Erronkariko) dialect	Basque (language isolate)	Spain	with the death of Fidela Bernat^[95]
1991	Pánobo	Panoan	Peru	^[96]
30 July 1990	Wappo	Yuki–Wappo	California, United States	with the death of Laura Fish Somersal^[97]
1990	Shasta	Shastan	California, United States
Early 1990’s	Hermit	Malayo-Polynesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	It has been mostly replaced by Seimat.
ca. 1990s	Lumaete dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	^[98]
ca. 1990s	Taman variety of Sak	Sino-Tibetan	Myanmar	^[99]
1990s	Unggumi	Worrorra	Australia	with the death of Morndi Munro^[100]
1990s?	Berti	Nilo-Saharan	Dafur and Kordofan, Sudan
20 September 1989	Kamassian	Uralic > Samoyedic	Sayan Mountains, Soviet Union	with the death of Klavdiya Plotnikova
March 1989	Leliali dialect of Kayeli	Malayo-Polynesian	central Maluku, Indonesia	^[98]^[101]
ca. 1989	Hukumina	Austronesian	Maluku, Indonesia	^[102]
1989	Miami-Illinois	Algic > Algonquian	along the Mississippi River, United States
1989	Kungarakany	Gunwinyguan	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Madeline England^[101]^[103]
16 September 1988	Atsugewi	Palaihnihan	California, United States	with the death of Medie Webster^[104]
1988	ǁXegwi	Tuu	South Africa	with the death of Jopi Mabinda^[105]
ca. 1987	Bidyara	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[106]
ca. 1987	Laua	Trans-New Guinea	Papua New Guinea
4 February 1987	Cupeño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Roscinda Nolasquez^[107]
1987	Dyangadi	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	^[108]
1987	Negerhollands	Dutch-based creole	U.S. Virgin Islands	with the death of Alice Stevens
by 1987	Basa-Gumna	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Niger State/Plateau State, Nigeria	^[109]
by 1987	Yugambal	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[110]
ca. 1986	Bikya	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon
ca. 1986	Bishuo	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon
April 1986	Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	with the death of Jack Butler^[111]
1986	Mangala	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	^[112]
1986	Volow	Austronesian	Vanuatu	with the death of Wanhan^[113]
late 1980s to early 1990s	Cahuarano	Zaparoan	Along the Nanay River in Peru.
18 March 1984	Deeside dialect, Scottish Gaelic	Celtic	Scotland	with the death of Jean Bain^[114]
1984	Yavitero	Arawakan	Venezuela	^[101]^[115]
February 1983	Antrim Irish	Celtic	Ireland	with the death of Séamus Bhriain Mac Amhlaig^[116]^[117]
ca. 1983	Yangman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	^[118]
June 1982	Kansa	Siouan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Ralph Pepper
1982	Dagoman	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Martha Hart^[119]
by 1982	Dyugun	Australian	Western Australia	^[120]
by 1982	Kato	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, United States	^[121]
after 1981	Dirari	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	^[122]
after 1981	Dyaberdyaber	Pama-Nyungan	Western Australia	^[123]^[124]
after 1981	Erre	Australian	Northern Territory, Australia	^[125]
after 1981	Umbugarla	Arnhem Land languages or Darwin Region languages	Northern Territory, Australia	with the death of Butcher Knight
after 1981	Yawarawarga	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland and South Australia	^[126]
ca. 1981	Ternateño	Portuguese Creole	Maluku, Indonesia	^[127]
1 May 1981	Pitta Pitta	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the deaths of Ivy Nardoo of Boulia^[128]
1981	Warrungu	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Alf Palmer^[129]^[130]
by 1981	Bina	Austronesian	Central Province (Papua New Guinea)
1980	Twana	Salishan	Washington, United States	^[101]^[131]
1980	Yalarnnga	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
late 1970s - 1980s^[124]	Flinders Island	Pama-Nyungan	Australia	last known speaker was Johnny Flinders^[129]
between 1971 and 1981	Kwadi	Khoe	southwestern Angola	^[132]
1970s – 1980s	Chicomuceltec	Mayan	Mexico; Guatemala
22 February 1979	Barranbinja	Pama-Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia	with the death of Emily Margaret Horneville
3 November 1977	Shuadit	Romance	southern France	with the death of Armand Lunel^[101]^[133]
24 August 1977	Ngawun	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Cherry O'Keefe^[134]
13 July 1977	Nooksack	Salishan	Washington, United States	with the death of Sindick Jimmy^[101]
ca. 1977	Nagumi	Niger-Congo > Benue-Congo	Cameroon	^[135]
between 1976 and 1999	Kw'adza	Cushitic	Tanzania	^[136]
after 1976	Muskum	Chadic	western Chad	^[137]
1975	Yugh	Yeniseian	central Siberia, Soviet Union	^[101]^[138]
before 1975	Homa	Bantu	southern Sudan	^[139]
27 December 1974	Manx	Celtic	Isle of Man, British islands	with the death of Ned Maddrell. Now being revived as a second language^[140]
28 May 1974	Ona	Chon	Tierra del Fuego, Argentina	with the death of Ángela Loij^{[notes 4]}
1974	Moksela	Malayo-Polynesian	Maluku, Indonesia	^[141]
before 1974	Cacaopera	Misumalpan	El Salvador	^[142]
after 1973	Môa Remo	Panoan	Along the Môa River of Amazonas, Peru	A word list was created in 1973.
By 1974	Dicamay Agta	Malayo-Polynesian	Luzon, Philippines	The Dicamay Agta were killed by Ilokano homesteaders sometime between 1957 and 1974.
9 October 1972	Tillamook	Salishan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Minnie Scovell^[101]
5 February 1972	Hanis	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Martha Harney Johnson^[143]
1972	Mbabaram	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	with the death of Albert Bennett^[144]
after 1968	Paratio	Xukuruan	Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil	It was spoken by a few people in Pesqueira in 1968. Loukotka (1968)
1968	Welsh-Romani	Romani	Wales, United Kingdom	with the death of Manfri Wood^[145]
before 1968	Sened	Berber	Tunisia
after 1965	Barngarla	Pama-Nyungan	southern Australia	with the death of Moonie Davis^[146]
24 July 1965	Barbareño	Chumashan	California, United States	with the death of Mary Yee^[147]^{[notes 5]}
1965	Wakawaka	Pama-Nyungan	Queensland, Australia	^[148]
ca. 1964	Aariya	spurious	India	^[149]
10 August 1963	Galice	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Hoxie Simmons
10 January 1963	Upper Umpqua	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Wolverton Orton
1963	Jorá	Tupi	Bolivia	^[101]
after 1962	Xukuru	Xukuruan	Pernambuco and Paraíba, Brazil	Known from a wordlist and sketch from Geraldo Lapenda (1962).
1962	Wiyot	Algic	California, United States	with the death of Delia Prince^[150]
after 1961	Wyandot	Iroquoian	Oklahoma, United States; Quebec, Canada
after 1961	Pankararú	unclassified	Pernambuco, Alagoas, Brazil	Only two people remembered the language in 1961.
after 1961	Xocó	unclassified	Sergipe, Alagoas, Brazil	Only a few people remembered the language in 1961 It is not clear if this is a single language.
1961	Northeastern Pomo	Pomoan(Hokan?)	California, United States
1960	Oriel dialect, Irish	Celtic	Ireland	with the death of Annie O'Hanlon^[151]^[152]
1960	Siuslaw	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Mary Barrett Elliott. Last speaker of Lower Umpqua dialect was Billy Dick^[143]
ca. 1960s	Pirlatapa	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	^[153]
1960s	Timor Pidgin	Portuguese creole	East Timor	^[154]
1960s	Cuitlatec	isolate	Guerrero, Mexico	with the death of Juana Can.^[155]
16 April 1959	Catawba	Siouan	South Carolina, United States	with the death of Chief Sam Blue^[156]
22 September 1958	Molala	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Fred Yelkes^[143]
1958	Salinan	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States
1958	Omurano	Zaparoan	Peru	^[101]^[157]
25 March 1957	Natchez	isolate	Mississippi, United States	^[158] with the death of Nancy Raven.^[159] The Natchez people are attempting to revive this language.^[160]
1952-1956	Aasáx	Cushitic	Tanzania	^[161]
after 1955	Wotapuri-Katarqalai	Indo-Aryan	Afghanistan	^[162]
after 1954	Tây Bồi	French-based Pidgin	Vietnam	^[163]^[164]
1954	Central Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of John B. Hudson^[143]
1954	Ifo	Malayo-Polynesian	Erromanga Island, Vanuatu	with the death of James Nalig^[165]
1952	Martha's Vineyard Sign Language	Sign language	Massachusetts, United States	with the death of Katie West
1951	Alsea	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of John Albert^[143]
ca. 1950	Bohemian Romani	mixed language	Czechoslovakia, Central Europe	after World War II, due to extermination of most of its speakers in Nazi concentration camps.
1950	Kaniet	Malayo-Polynesian	Manus Province, Papua New Guinea	^[101]^[166]
ca. 1950s	Pijao	unclassified	Tolima Department, Colombia	^[167]
1950s	Kepkiriwát	Tupian	Rondônia, Brazil
mid-20th century	Ventureño	Chumashan	California, United States
mid-20th century	Kawishana	Arawakan	Brazil	presumably extinct
mid-20th century	Basay	Austronesian	Taiwan
mid-20th century	Sidi	Bantu	Bantu	Kathiawar, India; also known as Habsi.
mid-20th century	Slovincian	Slavic	Pomerania, Poland
mid-20th century	Southern Pame	Oto-Manguean	Southern Mexico
mid-20th century	Kipea	Macro-Gê	Eastern Brazil
mid-20th century	Dzubukua	Macro-Gê	Pernambuco, Brazil
mid-20th century	Tequiraca	Tequiraca–Canichana?	Loreto, Peru
around mid-20th century	Tubar	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
around mid-20th century?	Chico	Maiduan	Central California
after 1949	Kunza	unclassified	Atacama Desert, Chile/Peru
after 1949	Mikira	Cahuapanan	Loreto, Peru	A word list was made by Enrique Stanko Vráz in 1949.
6 December 1948	Tunica	isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Sesostrie Youchigant^[168]
after 1947	Gafat	Semitic	along the Abbay River, Ethiopia	^[169]
3 March 1940	Pentlatch	Salishan	Vancouver Island, Canada	with the death of Joe Nimnim^[101]
28 January 1940	Chitimacha	isolate	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Delphine Ducloux^[170]
ca. 1940	Eudeve	Uto-Aztecan	Sonora, Mexico
ca. 1940s	Chemakum	Chimakuan	Washington, United States
ca. 1940s	Ossory dialect of Irish	Celtic	County Kilkenny, Ireland
ca. 1940s	Kitanemuk	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the deaths of Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, and Refugia Duran
22 May 1939	Rumsen	Penutian	California, United States	with the death of Isabel Meadows^[171]
9 May 1939	Miluk	Penutian	Oregon, United States	with the death of Annie Miner Peterson^[172]
by or after 1939	Judaeo-Piedmontese	Romance	Northwestern Italy
16 January 1937	Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Louis Kenoyer
1937	Yoncalla	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States	with the death of Laura Blackery Albertson^[173]
1936	Narungga	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia, Australia	^[174]
8 January 1935	Biloxi	Siouan	Louisiana, United States	with the death of Emma Jackson^[175]
1934	Juaneño	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
1934	Puelche	Chon	Argentina	with the death of Trruúlmani
1934	Takelma	isolate	Oregon, United States	with the death of Frances Johnson^[176]
1933	Gabrielino	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States
between 1931 and 1951	Akar-Bale	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[177]
between 1931 and 1951	Aka-Kede	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[177]
between 1931 and 1951	A-Pucikwar	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[177]
after 1931	Tonkawa	isolate	Oklahoma/Texas/New Mexico, United States
after 1931	Jaquirana Remo	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was made in 1931.
after 1931	Tuxinawa	Panoan	Acre, Brazil	A word list was made in 1931.
by 1931	Aka-Bea	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[177]
by 1931	Oko-Juwoi	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[177]
after 1930	Sensi	Panoan	right bank of Ucayali River, Peru	A word list was created by Günter Tessmann in 1930.
c. 1930	Mattole	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, United States
29 January 1930	Mutsun	Penutian	California, United States	with the death of Ascencion Solorsano
c. 1930s	Cayuse	isolate/unclassified	Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kathlamet	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States	with the death of Charles Cultee^[143]
c. 1930s	Lower Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Mahican	Algic > Algonquian	New York, United States
c. 1930s	Clackamas dialect of Upper Chinook	Penutian	Washington/Oregon, United States
c. 1930s	Kitsai	Caddoan	Oklahoma, United States	with the death of Kai Kai^[178]
c. 1930s	Tapachultec	Mixe–Zoque	Southern Mexico
before 1930s	Kwalhioqua	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	Washington, United States
by 1930	Opata language	Uto-Aztecan	Northern Mexico
between 1920 and 1940	Ajawa	Chadic	Bauchi State, Nigeria	^[179]
25 December 1929	Kaurna	Pama-Nyungan	South Australia	with the death of Ivaritji,^[180] now being revived
c. 1929	Bear River	Na-Dene > Athabaskan	California, US
1928	Ottoman Turkish	Turkic	Turkey	Evolved into Turkish in 1928.
after 1927	Tarauacá Kashinawa	Panoan	Amazonas, Brazil	A word list was made in 1927.
after 1927	Blanco River Remo	Panoan	Loreto Province, Peru	A word list was made in 1927.
after 1925	Subtiaba	Oto-Manguean or Subtiaba-Tlapanec	Nicaragua
January 1922	Chimariko	isolate	California, United States	with the death of Sally Noble^[181]^[182]
after 1921	Chagatai	Turkic	Central Asia including Turkmenistan	Chagtai is still studied in Uzbekistan and Turkey.^[183]
30 June 1921	Tataviam	Uto-Aztecan	California, United States	with the death of Juan José Fustero
by 1921	Aka-Kol	Andamanese	Andaman Islands, India	^[184]
After 1920	Sinacantán	Xincan	Santa Rosa, Guatemala	A word list was created by Walther Lehmann in 1920.
ca. 1920	Mochica	Chimuan	northwest Peru
ca. 1920s	Fergana Kipchak	Turkic	Fergana Valley	^[185]
ca. 1920s	Chochenyo	Penutian	California, United States
ca. 1920s	Island Carib	Cariban	Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea	An offshoot survives as Garifuna.
around the 1920s	Otuke	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz
by 1920	Yupiltepeque	Xincan	Guatemala	^[186]
after 1917	Pochutec	Uto-Aztecan	Oaxaca, Mexico
15 June 1917	Obispeño	Chumashan	Southern California, United States	with the death of Rosario Cooper^[187]
25 March 1916	Yahi	isolate (Hokan?)	California, United States	with the death of Ishi^[188]^{[notes 6]}
1915	Yamhill dialect of Northern Kalapuya	Kalapuyan	Oregon, United States
1910s	ǀXam	Tuu	South Africa
after 1908	Siraya	Austronesian	southwestern Taiwan	^[189]
18 July 1908	Mohegan-Pequot	Algic > Algonquian	southern New England, United States	with the death of Fidelia Fielding^[190]
24 February 1905	Tasmanian	unclassified	Tasmania, Australia	with the death of Fanny Cochrane Smith^[191]^[192]^{[notes 7]}
after 1906	Arazaire	Panoan	Cusco Province, Peru	A word list was done in 1906.
after 1904	Atsawaka	Panoan	Puno Province, Peru	There were 20 speakers in 1904.
after 1902	Dyirringany	Pama–Nyungan	New South Wales, Australia
between 1900 and 1920	Jangil	Ongan	Andaman Islands, India	^[193]
ca. 1900	Henniker Sign Language	Village sign	New Hampshire, United States
ca. 1900	Tongva language	Uto-Aztecan	Southern California, United States	A revitalization process is happening.
ca. 1900	Payagua language	Mataco–Guaicuru?	Alto Paraguay, Paraguay
ca. 1900	Moran	Sino-Tibetan	Assam, India	^[194]
1900	Wulguru	Pama-Nyungan	Australia
by 1900	Classical Mandaic	Semitic	Iran; Iraq	^[195]
by 1900	Piro Pueblo	Tanoan	New Mexico, United States
early 20th century	Atakapa	isolate	Louisiana/Texas, United States
early 20th century	Kamakã	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
early 20th century	Jersey Dutch	Dutch-based creole	New Jersey, United States
early 20th century	Kazukuru	Malayo-Polynesian	New Georgia, Solomon Islands
early 20th century	Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin	Chinese/Russian-based contact language
early 20th century	Chaná	Charruan	Uruguay
early 20th century	Marawán	Arawakan	Brazil
early 20th century	East Leinster dialect, Irish	Celtic	Ireland	^[196]
early 20th century	Ingain	Macro-Jê	Santa Catarina, Brazil

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
late 16th century	Knaanic	Slavic	Czech Republic; Poland
late 16th century	Laurentian	Iroquoian	Quebec/Ontario, Canada
after 1586	Palta	unclassified	Ecuador
after 1548	Taino	Arawakan	The Bahamas and Puerto Rico
1535	Cueva	unclassified Chocoan?	Darién Province, Panama	The Cueva people were exterminated between 1510 and 1535 during Spanish colonization.
after 1516	Mamluk-Kipchak	Turkic	Egypt and Syria	^[236]
after 1502	Tangut	Sino-Tibetan	northwestern China; southern Mongolia
16th century	Old Novgorod	Slavic	Novgorod Republic	^[237]
16th century	Semigallian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania
16th century	Guanahatabey	Unclassified	Pinar del Río Province and Isla de la Juventud, Cuba
16th century	Guanche	unclassified, maybe Berber	Canary Islands, Spain	^[238]
16th century	Navarro-Aragonese	Romance	southern Navarre, Spain	Aragonese is still spoken as a minority language in Spain.
16th century	Judaeo-Portuguese	Romance	Belmonte, Portugal

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
After 1492	Judaeo-Aragonese	Romance	North Central Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
After 1492	Judaeo-Catalan	Romance	Eastern Spain	After the Alhambra Decree
15th century	Old Anatolian Turkish	Turkic	Anatolia	Emerged in Anatolia late 11th century, and developed into early Ottoman Turkish.
end of 15th century	Mozarabic	Romance	Spain; Portugal	^[239]
late 15th century	Greenlandic Norse	Germanic	Greenland
late 15th century	Selonian	Baltic	Latvia; Lithuania

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
14th century	Bulgar	Turkic	Volga and Danube, Europe; Central Asia	By the 9th or 10th centuries on the Danube and by the 14th century in the Volga region. It may have ultimately given rise to the Chuvash language, which is most closely related to it.
14th century	Old Uyghur	Turkic	Central Asia, East Asia\|
14th century	Khorezmian	Turkic	Central Asia
14th century	Galindian	Baltic	northern Poland; Russia
14th century	Zarphatic	Romance	northern France; west-central Germany
14th century	Galician-Portuguese	Romance	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal	Evolved into Galician, Portuguese, Eonavian and Fala. Some linguists argue that said languages could all still be considered modern varieties of Galician-Portuguese itself.

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
13th century	Karakhanid	Turkic	Central Asia	evolved into Chagatai
After 20 June 1244	Khitan	Mongolic	Central Asia	with the death of Yelü Chucai^[240]^{[notes 11]}
13th century	Pyu	Sino-Tibetan	central Myanmar
13th century	Andalusi Romance	Romance	southern Spain
13th century	Sicilian Arabic	Semitic	Emirate of Sicily	^[241]

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
12th century	Pecheneg	Turkic	Eastern Europe
12th century	Khwarezmian	Iranian	Khwarazm
11th – 12th century	Cumbric	Celtic	England/Scotland, United Kingdom
11th – 12th century	Jewish Babylonian Aramaic	Semitic	Iraq	^[242]
between 1000 and 1300	Khazar	Turkic	northern Caucasus; Central Asia
ca. 1000	Lombardic	Germanic	central Europe; northern Italy
ca. 1000	Merya	Uralic	Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia
ca. 1000	Muromian	Uralic	Vladimir Oblast, Russia
11th century	Old Church Slavonic	Slavic	Eastern Europe	still used as a liturgical language

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
10th – 12th century	Syriac	Semitic	Turkey; Iraq; Syria	now only used as liturgical language^[243]
10th – 12th century	Samaritan Aramaic	Semitic	West Bank, Palestine; Israel	now only used as liturgical language^[244]
10th century	Sakan	Iranian	Xinjiang, China
10th century	Himyaritic	Semitic	Yemen
10th century	Zhang-Zhung	Sino-Tibetan	western Tibet (Central Asia)

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
9th century or later	Pictish	Celtic	Scotland, United Kingdom
after 840	Tocharian	Indo-European	Tarim Basin (Central Asia)
9th century	Gothic	Germanic	Spain; Portugal; Italy	with the exception of Crimean Gothic

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
8th century	Aghwan	Northeast Caucasian	Azerbaijan
8th century	Orkhon Turkic	Turkic	Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Eastern Asia	Replaced by Old Uyghur.

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
ca. 600	Avestan	Iranian	Iran	^[245]
7th century	Gaya	Unclassified	Korea
7th century	Baekje	Koreanic	Korea	may be more than one language.
7th century	Buyeo	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Manchuria
7th-10th century?	Goguryeo language	Puyŏ, possibly Koreanic	Korea, China

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
100 BCE	Vestinian	Italic	east-central Italy	^[254]
ca. 150 BCE	Faliscan	Italic	Tuscany/Latium, Italy
ca. 100 BCE	Minaean	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen
2nd century BCE	Phoenician	Afro-Asiatic	Canaan, North Africa, Cyprus, Iberia, Sicily, Malta and Sardinia

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
6th century	Ancient Cappadocian	Indo-European	Anatolia
6th century	Dacian	Indo-European	Balkans
6th century	Illyrian	Indo-European	western Balkans	disputed
6th century	Sabaean	Semitic	Horn of Africa; Arabic Peninsula
6th century	Vandalic	Germanic	Spain; North Africa
6th century	Gaulish	Celtic	Gaul: France, Belgium, Germany and elsewhere
6th century	Rouran	Mongolic or isolate	Northern China and Mongolia	spoken from the 4th to the 6th century AD

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
5th – 6th century	Hadramautic	Semitic	Dhofar Mountains
before 6th century	Ligurian	unclassified, possibly Celtic or Indo-European	northwestern Italy; southeastern France	^[246]
after 453	Hunnic	unclassified, possibly Oghuric	from the Eurasian steppe into Europe
ca. 400	Meroitic	unclassified, maybe Nilo-Saharan	Sudan
5th century	Thracian	Indo-European	eastern and central Balkans
5th century	Isaurian	Anatolian	Anatolia
early 5th century	Punic	Semitic	North Africa

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
4th century CE	Aquitanian	Language isolate	Novempopulania and Basque Country
4th century CE	Galatian	Celtic	central Anatolia
4th century CE	Geʽez	Semitic	Ethiopia; Eritrea	still used as a liturgical language^[247]
4th century CE	Biblical Hebrew	Semitic	Israel	revived in the 1880s
3rd-4th century CE	Numidian	Afro-Asiatic	Numidia
after 300 CE	Parthian	Iranian	Iran

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
3rd century CE	Raetic	unclassified, maybe Tyrsenian	eastern Alps
3rd century CE	Safaitic	Semitic	Syria	^[248]
c. 200 CE	Qatabanian	Afro-Asiatic	Yemen

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 2nd century CE	Noric	Celtic	Austria; Slovenia
after 2nd century CE	Pisidian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
after 150	Bactrian	Iranian	Afghanistan
ca. 100 CE	Akkadian	Semitic	Mesopotamia	^[249]
100 CE	Etruscan	Tyrsenian	central Italy	^[250]
100 CE	Armazic	Semitic	South Caucasus	^[251]
ca. 2nd century CE	Celtiberian	Celtic	central-eastern Spain
ca. 2nd century CE	Gallaecian	Celtic	northwestern Spain, northern Portugal
2nd century CE	Lusitanian	Indo-European	Portugal, southwestern Spain
ca. 2nd century CE	Sorothaptic	Indo-European	eastern Spain
2nd century CE	Phrygian	Indo-European	southeastern Bulgaria; Anatolia	^[252]

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
1st – 2nd century CE	Paeonian	Indo-European	Macedonia; Greece; Bulgaria
1st – 2nd century CE	Iberian	unclassified	Spain; France
1st century CE	Liburnian	Indo-European	western Croatia
1st century CE	Median	Indo-European	Persia	^[253]
Approximately 100 CE	Oscan	Italic	southern Italy
1st century CE	Venetic	Indo-European	northeastern Italy

Date	Language	Language family	Region
1st century BCE	Elymian	unclassified	western Sicily
1st century BCE	Lycian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
1st century BCE	Lydian	Anatolian	western Anatolia
1st century BCE	Messapian	Indo-European	Apulia, Italy
1st century BCE	Mysian	Anatolian	northwestern Anatolia
1st century BCE	Sabine	Italic	central Italy
1st century BCE	Sicanian	unclassified	central Sicily
1st century BCE	Sicel	Indo-European	eastern Sicily
1st century BCE	Umbrian	Italic	central Italy
early 1st millennium BCE	Eteocretan	isolate/unclassified	Crete, Greece
1st millennium BCE	Milyan	Anatolian	Anatolia

Date	Language	Language family	Region
ca. 3rd century BCE	Volscian	Italic	Italy; Latium
ca. 3rd century BCE	Aequian	Italic	Latium, east-central Italy
ca. 3rd century BCE	Sidetic	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia
3rd century BCE	Carian	Anatolian	southwestern Anatolia

Date	Language	Language family	Region
early 4th century BCE	Eteocypriot	isolate/unclassified	Cyprus
4th century BCE	Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	northeastern Greece
ca. 300 BCE	Philistine	unclassified, maybe Indo-European	Israel; Lebanon
ca. 350 BCE	Elamite	isolate	Persia; southern Mesopotamia

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 5th century BCE	Tartessian	unclassified	Spain	^[255]
5th century BCE	Ammonite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
5th century BCE	Moabite	Semitic	northwestern Jordan
ca. 400 BCE	Lepontic	Celtic	northern Italy

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
after 6th century BCE	Lemnian	Tyrsenian	Lemnos, Greece	^[256]
6th century BCE	Edomite	Semitic	southwestern Jordan
6th century BCE	Urartian	Hurro-Urartian	Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Anatolia

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
c. 2000-1800 BCE	Sumerian	isolate	Mesopotamia	used as a literary and liturgical language until about 100 CE^[257]
ca. 1500 BCE	Hattic	Unclassified, possibly Northwest Caucasian	Anatolia
ca. 1450 BCE	Minoan	unclassified	Crete	may have evolved into Eteocretan
ca. 1300 BCE	Palaic	Anatolian	northwest Anatolia
after 1170 BCE	Ugaritic	Semitic	Syria	following the destruction of Ugarit
ca. 1100 BCE	Hittite	Anatolian	Anatolia
ca. 1100 BCE	Sutean	Afro-Asiatic	Northeast Syria	Spoken around 2100 BCE
ca. 1050 BCE	Cypro-Minoan	unclassified	Cyprus	may have evolved into Eteocypriot
ca. 1000 BCE	Hurrian	Hurro-Urartian	Anatolia; Syria; Mesopotamia

Date	Language	Language family	Region	Notes
UNK	Kalasmaic	Anatolian	Kalasma
UNK	Olmec language	Unclassified, possibly Mixe-Zoque	Mexico
UNK	Villa Viciosa Agta	Malayo-Polynesian	Villaviciosa, Abra Philippines	unattested
UNK	Tuoba	Mongolic or Turkic	Northern China	Spoken around the 5th century AD.
UNK	Tuyuhun	Para-Mongolic	Northern China	Spoken around 500 AD
UNK	Xiongnu	unknown	Mongolia
UNK	Jie language	Yeniseian	North China	Possibly evolved into Pumpokol.
UNK	Ermiteño	Chavacano	Ermita, Manila, Philippines	Spanish-based creole
UNK	Menién	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Malalí	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Masakará	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Kotoxó	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Koropó	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Kamurú	Macro-Jê	Eastern Brazil
UNK	Sabujá	Macro-Jê	Bahia, Brazil
UNK	Mangaló	Macro-Jê	Bahia and Minas Gerais
UNK	Gueren	Macro-Jê	Minas Gerais, Brazil
UNK	Aravirá	Macro-Jê	Mato Grosso, Santa Cruz	Nothing is known directly about this language.
UNK	Sorung	Malayo-Polynesian	Erromango
UNK	Waamwang	Malayo-Polynesian	Voh, New Caledonia
UNK	Pawishiana	Cariban	South America
UNK	Arakajú	Cariban	South America
UNK	Tiverikoto	Cariban	South America
UNK	Wajumará	Cariban	South America
UNK	Boanarí	Cariban	South America
UNK	Purukotó	Cariban	South America
UNK	Paravilyana	Cariban	South America
UNK	Sapará	Cariban	South America
UNK	Juma	Cariban	South America
UNK	Apingi	Cariban	South America
UNK	Yarumá	Cariban	South America
UNK	Opón	Cariban	Colombia
UNK	Pimenteira	Cariban	South America
UNK	Palmela	Cariban	South America
UNK	Amarizana	Arawakan	Meta Department, Colombia
UNK	Cabre	Arawakan	Colombia
UNK	Morique	Arawakan	Between the Ucayali River and Javari River
UNK	Aroã	Arawakan	Marajó
UNK	Pasé	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Yumana	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Wiriná	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Waraikú	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Western Jicaque	Hokan	Honduras
UNK	Custenau	Arawakan	Mato Grosso, Brazil
UNK	Yabaâna	Arawakan	Brazil
UNK	Kariaí	Arawakan	Roraima, Brazil
UNK	Anauyá	Arawakan	Castaño Viejo River Amazonas, Venezuela
UNK	Jandiatuba Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil
UNK	Amazon Mayoruna	Panoan	Amazon basin, Brazil, Peru, and Colombia
UNK	Conambo	Zaparoan	North Eastern Peru near the Conambo River.	Some consider Conambo to be a dialect of Záparo.
UNK	Aushiri	Zaparoan	Loreto, Peru
UNK	Maynas	Cahuapanan?	Loreto, Peru
UNK	Huetar	Chibchan	Alajuela, Costa Rica
UNK	Dorasque	Chibchan	Panama and Costa Rica
UNK	Voto	Chibchan	Costa Rica
UNK	Atanque	Chibchan	Cesar Department, Colombia
UNK	Nutabe	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK	Old Catio	Chibchan	Santa Fe de Antioquia, Colombia
UNK	Arma	Chocoan?	Colombia	Unattested
UNK	Sinúfana	Chocoan?	Colombia	Poorly attested
UNK	Quimbaya	unclassified	Colombia	Might not be a distinct language.