Wikipedia:List_of_hoaxes_on_Wikipedia

Wikipedia:List of hoaxes on Wikipedia

Wikipedia:List of hoaxes on Wikipedia


This is a list of known historical hoaxes created on the English Wikipedia. It is not for known hoaxes which are notable in their own right, such as the Piltdown Man. Its purpose is to document hoaxes on Wikipedia, in order to improve our understanding of them and our ability to detect them. For the purpose of this list, a hoax is defined as a clear and deliberate attempt to deceptively present false information as fact. Libel, vandalism, and honest factual errors are not considered hoaxes. A hoax is considered notable enough for inclusion in this list if it evaded detection for more than one month or was discussed by reliable sources in the media. This list is incomplete, as many hoaxes remain undiscovered.

"Bicholim conflict",[1] one of the longest and most elaborate hoax articles on Wikipedia, which in 2007 gained good article status

Hoaxes can be added to this page if they meet the requirements above. Do not list Wikipedia April Fools' Day pranks or factual articles about encyclopedically notable hoaxes. Start/Deletion date and Length are the dates and approximate time the article was generally visible.

For many of the below hoaxes, you can see an archived version of the deleted article by clicking on its title (see also list of archived hoaxes). Some also remain available from mirror sites. Any administrator can create an archived version of a hoax upon request by following the instructions below.

More information Suggestions to administrators on archiving hoaxes ...

Academic research has investigated the impact and characteristics of Wikipedia hoaxes, and has proposed automated methods for detecting them. Researchers found that the automatic classification system was better at identifying hoaxes on Wikipedia than humans (86% vs. 63% accuracy) and used their algorithm to identify previously undiscovered hoaxes like "Steve Moertel" which went undetected for almost 7 years.[2] One way to identify hoax articles included examining the article structure and content, its mentions in other articles on Wikipedia (i.e., embeddedness), and features of the editor who created the page. Specifically, hoax articles are likely to be longer than a legitimate article, less likely to have links to other Wikipedia articles, references, images, or other "wiki-like" markup, less likely to be mentioned in other Wikipedia articles before its creation, and more likely to be created by a new account with few to no other edits.[2]

While most hoaxes on Wikipedia are short-lived (89% of discovered hoaxes are flagged within one hour of creation and only 1% of hoaxes persist for more than a year), those that make it past this initial screening have an increased probability of continuing to "survive" and remain a part of Wikipedia for much longer (if a hoax survives past its first day, it has an 18% probability of lasting for a year or more). Compared to unsuccessful hoaxes, successful hoaxes that survive for long periods of time are more likely to include some "wiki-like" mark-up and more likely to include links to other articles on Wikipedia.[2]

Compared to legitimate articles, successful hoaxes generally receive less daily traffic, have a longer median article length (134 versus 71 words), and include fewer links to other Wikipedia articles when considering their article length.[2]

Hoax articles

Extant for 10+ years

More information Hoax, Length ...

Extant for 8-10 years

More information Hoax, Length ...

Extant for 4-8 years

More information Hoax, Length ...

Extant for 1-4 years

More information Hoax, Length ...

Extant for less than 1 year

This section lists hoaxes covered for at least one month but less than one year. See Wikipedia:List of hoaxes on Wikipedia/Less than one year for the full list. This section should list only hoaxes covered in independent third-party sources. Short-lived hoaxes are innumerable and so we do not normally track them — they can be found by searching deletion logs for "hoax".

More information Hoax, Length ...

False statements in articles

Besides entire articles, there have also been false statements that were added to otherwise authentic pages. Please note that some of the entries here are possibly not hoaxes. Hoaxes require proof of an intentional attempt to mislead. Many false statements can be a result of a mistake or might represent cases where the person who added them believed in claims made.

Classification of hoaxes:

  • Type 1 (Admission of hoax)
  • Type 2a (Obvious hoax due to elaborateness)
  • Type 2b (Obvious hoax due to pattern of vandalism by the account which added it)
  • Type 3 (Possible hoax but with room for doubt)
  • Type 4 (False or unreferenced and dubious statement that may or may not be a hoax as it could arguably have been added as a mistake or in good faith)

Extant for 10+ years

More information Claim, Length ...

Extant for 8-10 years

More information Claim, Length ...

Extant for 4-8 years

More information Claim, Length ...

Extant for 1-4 years

More information Claim, Length ...

Extant for less than 1 year

This section lists hoaxes covered for less than 1 year. See Wikipedia:List of hoaxes on Wikipedia/less than one year for the full list. This section should list only hoaxes covered in independent third-party sources. Short-lived hoaxes are innumerable and so we do not normally track them — they can be found by searching deletion logs for "hoax".

More information Claim, Length ...

See also


References

  1. Kumar, Srijan; West, Robert; Leskovec, Jure (April 2016). "Disinformation on the Web: Impact, Characteristics, and Detection of Wikipedia Hoaxes" (PDF). Proceedings of the 25th International World Wide Web Conference: 591–602. doi:10.1145/2872427.2883085. S2CID 30068. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  2. Howard, Jennifer (December 18, 2008). "Teaching by Lying: Professor Unveils 'Last Pirate' Hoax". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  3. Matheson, Whitney (December 4, 2008). "Pop Candy blog". USAToday.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  4. "The Last American Pirate". December 4, 2008. Archived from the original on October 19, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
  5. Full cite in footnote, in case of link rot: @maspers (January 23, 2024). "One of my college professors: "Don't ever use Wikipedia..."". Archived from the original on January 29, 2024. Retrieved January 29, 2024 via Tumblr. One of my college professors: "Don't ever use Wikipedia for school assignments and professional works. [...] "Many years ago a friend and I put a lie about Harrison Ford on Wikipedia and it's still there. People think it's true, to the point that it's been put into official print biographies about him. [...] "No, I'm not taking it down" [...] the factoid is no longer there, presumably removed by one of my classmates [bold original].
  6. Randall, Eric (May 19, 2014). "How a raccoon became an aardvark". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on December 29, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  7. Kolbe, Andreas (January 16, 2017). "Happy birthday: Jimbo Wales' sweet 16 Wikipedia fails. From aardvark to Bicholim, the encylopedia [sic] of things that never were". The Register. Archived from the original on July 8, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
  8. Jennings, Ken (May 28, 2010). "Anatomy of a Wiki-hoax". Ken Jennings Blog. Archived from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
  9. Zawodniak, Matthew (August 29, 2019). "That Time Fire Emblem Accidentally Created A Fake Norse Myth". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
  10. "Yewfelle". Fire Emblem Wiki. March 20, 2021. Archived from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2021.

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