Jarawa_language_(Nigeria)
Jarawa language (Nigeria)
Bantu language spoken in Nigeria
Not to be confused with Jarawa language (Andaman Islands).
Jarawa (also known as Jar, Jara, or in Hausa: Jaranci) is the most populous of the Bantu languages of northern Nigeria. It is a dialect cluster consisting of many varieties.
Quick Facts Region, Native speakers ...
Jarawa | |
---|---|
Region | northern Nigeria, near Bauchi |
Native speakers | 250,000 (dialects with ISO codes) (2006–2011)[1] |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:jjr – Zhár (Bankal)dbm – Zugur (Duguri)bau – Mbat (Bada)jgk – Gwak (Gingwak) |
Glottolog | jara1263 |
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More information Labial, Alveolar ...
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | (ʔ) | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
Affricate | voiceless | k͡x | ||||
voiced | d͡ʒ | ɡ͡ɣ | ||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | ||
voiced | (β) | z | ||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
Rhotic | r | |||||
Approximant | w | l | j |
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- /β/ only appears as a marginal phoneme.
- [ʔ] only appears in non-word-initial syllables.
- Sounds /n, t, l, r/ can be heard as palatal or retroflex [ɲ, ʈ, ɭ, ɽ] in word-final position. /k/ can also be heard as uvular [q] in the same position, and may also alternate with [ʁ] or [ɢ].
- Sounds /k͡x, ɡ͡ɣ/ can be heard as fricatives [x, ɣ] or [χ, ʁ] in intervocalic position.
More information Front, Central ...
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- Sounds /ɛ, ɔ/ only appear after glides.
Jarawa dialects are:
- Zhár (Bankal)
- Zugur (Duguri)
- Gwak (Gingwak)
- Ndaŋshi
- Dòòrì
- Mbat (Bada)
- Mùùn
- Kantana
- Dàmùl
Kantana may be a distinct language.
Blench (2019) lists these varieties as dialects of Jar (Jarawa).[3]
- Zhar
- Ligri
- Kantana
- Bobar (?)
- Gwak (Gingwak)
- Dõõri
- Mbat
- Mbat-Galamkya
- Zhár (Bankal) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Zugur (Duguri) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Mbat (Bada) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Gwak (Gingwak) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
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