List_of_U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School_alumni

List of U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni

Add article description

The U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (TPS) graduated the following notable alumni who made significant contributions to the aerospace field. The school's mission is to produce experimental test pilots, flight test engineers, and flight test navigators to lead and conduct test and evaluation of aerospace weapon systems.^[1] The school was established on September 9, 1944, as the Flight Test Training Unit at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB) in Dayton, Ohio.^[2] To take advantage of the uncongested skies and superb flying weather, the school was moved on February 4, 1951, to its present location at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert of Southern California.^[2] Edwards AFB is the home of the Air Force Test Center and has been an integral part of flight testing since June 25, 1951.^[3]

USAF Test Pilot School, Edwards AFB, California

Between 1962 and 1972, the Test Pilot School expanded its role to include astronaut training for military test pilots.^[4] Thirty-seven TPS graduates of this era were selected for the U.S. space program, and twenty-six went on to earn astronaut's wings by flying in the X-15, Gemini, Apollo, and Space Shuttle programs.^[5] Although the school no longer trains astronauts, many TPS graduates since 1972 have been selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for duties in space. The school encourages applications from civilians, personnel from other U.S. military services, and individuals from foreign countries.^[6] An exchange program allows selected students to attend other test pilot schools including the United States Naval Test Pilot School, the United Kingdom's Empire Test Pilots' School, and France's EPNER.^[7]

Notes

[1]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 9.
[2]
"U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School History". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2017-04-17.
[3]
"History of AFTC". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
[4]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 233.
[5]
Young, J. Forging Aerospace Power for America. pp. 3–4.
[6]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 19.
[7]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 18.
[8]
For the purposes of this list, notability is per the definition at WP:BIO and WP:MILMOS#NOTE.
[9]
Marrett, G (2008). Contrails Over the Mojave. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-59114-511-0.
[10]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 8.
[11]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 50.
[12]
"Astrospies". NOVA. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
[13]
"Adams Biography". NASA. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
[14]
"Akers Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[15]
"Antonelli Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[16]
"Archambault Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[17]
"Bassett Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1966-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[18]
"Behnken Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[19]
"Blaha Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[20]
"Bloomfield Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[21]
"Bobko Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-04-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[22]
"Boe Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[23]
"Borman Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[24]
"Bowersox Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[25]
"Bridges Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2005-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[26]
"Brown Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
[27]
"Carey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[28]
"Casper Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[29]
"Chilton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[30]
"E. Collins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[31]
"M. Collins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[32]
"Cooper Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[33]
"Covey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[34]
"Crews Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[35]
"Crippen Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2001-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[36]
"Duffy Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2002-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[37]
"Duke Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[38]
"Dutton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[39]
"Eisele Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1987-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[40]
"Engle Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[41]
"Fincke Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-01-22. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[42]
"Finley Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[43]
"Fischer Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[44]
"Ford Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[45]
"Fossum Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[46]
"Freeman Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1964-11-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[47]
"Fullerton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[48]
"Gardner Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[49]
"Givens Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1967-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[50]
"Glover Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
[51]
"Grabe Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1999-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[52]
"Gregory Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[53]
"Grissom Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1997-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[54]
"Gutierrez Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[55]
"Hague Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[56]
"Haise Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[57]
"Halsell Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-11-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[58]
"Hartsfield Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[59]
"Helms Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2012-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[60]
"Henricks Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2000-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[61]
"Hines Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
[62]
"Hopkins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
[63]
"Horowitz Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[64]
"Husband Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[65]
"Irwin Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1972-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[66]
"Gregory C. Johnson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[67]
"Gregory H. Johnson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[68]
"Kelly Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[69]
"Knight Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[70]
Fausset, Richard (2004-05-09). "GOP's Pete Knight, 74; Former Test Pilot Was Foe of Gay Marriage". Los Angeles Times. p. B-18. Archived from the original on 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[71]
"Biography of Joshua Kutryk". Canadian Space Agency. 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
[72]
Mowry, Laura (2012-06-12). "TPS graduates receive warm welcome from test pilot legend". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
[73]
"Lawrence Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[74]
"Lawyer Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[75]
"Lindsey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[76]
"Lockhart Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[77]
"Loria Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[78]
"Macleay Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[79]
"Mattingly Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1987-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[80]
"McBride Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[81]
"McDivitt Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[82]
"McMonagle Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1998-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[83]
"Meade Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[84]
"Melroy Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[85]
"Mitchell Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[86]
"Mullane Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[87]
"Nagel Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[88]
"Neubeck Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[89]
"Onizuka Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[90]
"Overmyer Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[91]
"Peterson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[92]
"Polansky Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
[93]
"Precourt Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2005-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[94]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 49.
[95]
"Roosa Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[96]
"Ross Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[97]
"Rushworth Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[98]
"Scobee Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[99]
"Scott Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1975-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[100]
"Shaw Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-11-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[101]
"Shriver Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[102]
"Slayton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-06-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[103]
"Stafford Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[104]
"Sturckow Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
[105]
"Taylor Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[106]
"Truly Astronaut Biography" (PDF). NASA. 1992-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[107]
Garber, Steve (2003-02-03). "Truly Administrator Biography". NASA. Retrieved 2023-08-23.
[108]
"Virts Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[109]
"Walheim Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-02-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[110]
"Walker Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2001-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[111]
"Walz Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[112]
"Edward White Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1997-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[113]
"Robert White Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[114]
"Worden Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[115]
"Zamka Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[116]
"Apt and Kincheloe with X-2". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2017-01-31.
[117]
Young, J. Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB. No page numbers in this document; See date of September 27, 1956.
[118]
"Ascani Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[119]
"Bong Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[120]
- Rogers, Paul (May 25, 2006). "Keynote Speaker, James E. Brown III". U-Web Student Web Service. Santa Barbara, California: University of California Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
[121]
"Cardenas Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-01-31.
[122]
"Kenneth O. Chilstrom". P-47 Thunderbolt Pilots Association. Yulee, Florida: Logic Mountain LLC. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
[123]
Hatch & Winter (1993), p. 94.
[124]
Meixner, Bill (December 28, 2009). "1946 National Air Races". Berea, Ohio: Society of Air Racing Historians. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
[125]
Glines (1980), pp. 157–58.
[126]
"Edwards Biography". Air Force Link. USAF. Archived from the original on 2008-07-10. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
[127]
Everest, F. (1980). The Fastest Man Alive. ISBN 0-405-12163-6.
[128]
"Fulton Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[129]
Young, J. Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB. No page numbers in this document, See date of August 16, 1969.
[130]
"List of records established by Darryl G. Greenamyer". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
[131]
"Hoover Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[132]
"1998 Honorees, Richard L. "Dick" Johnson". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
[133]
"Latimer Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
[134]
"Kelly J. Latimer". NASA. 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-25.
[135]
"LeVier Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[136]
"Donald L. Mallick". NASA. 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
[137]
"YF-12A #935 with test pilot Donald L. Mallick". DVIDS. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
[138]
"Murray Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2012-09-23. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[139]
Johnson, Jenna (January 2, 2008). "Flying Back in Time, In His Own Warplane". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
[140]
Glenshaw, Paul (April 2018). "The First Space Ace". Air & Space Magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-08-25. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
[141]
"Major General Wilbert D. "Doug" Pearson Jr". af.mil. USAF. January 2005. Retrieved 2020-08-26.
[142]
"Peterson Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[143]
"Pisanos Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[144]
"Ridley Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[145]
"1999 Honorees, Schalk". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
[146]
Barnes, Bart (2002-08-21). "Louis W. Schalk Jr. Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
[147]
"Louis Schalk Jr., 76; Original Test Pilot for Blackbird Spy Plane". Los Angeles Times. 2002-08-21. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
[148]
"Stephens Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[149]
"Up From Kitty Hawk". Air Force Magazine Online. Air Force Association. p. No page numbers in this document; See date of February 27, 1947. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2015-01-03.
[150]
"Townsend Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[151]
"Tymczyszyn Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[152]
"Yeager Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
[153]
"Abrahamson Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[154]
"USAF Biography: Lieutenant General Spence M. Armstrong". United States Air Force. September 1987. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
[155]
Cooper, Rich; Glasser, Scott (August 15, 2002). "Senior Advisor to the Administrator: Lieutenant General Spence (Sam) Armstrong, USAF (Ret.)". NASA. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
[156]
"USAF Biography: Lieutenant General William J. Campbell". United States Air Force. November 1984. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
[157]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 63.
[158]
Dengler, D (1979). Escape from Laos. pp. 207–8. ISBN 0-89141-076-7.
[159]
"Gabreski Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[160]
"Gabreski Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
[161]
"Herres Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[162]
"Kutyna Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[163]
"Loh Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[164]
"Yates Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
[165]
Lopez, D (17 March 2001). Fighter Pilot's Heaven. ISBN 1-56098-916-5.
[166]
Lopez, D (October 1986). Into the Teeth of the Tiger. ISBN 0-553-27441-4.
[167]
"Lopez Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
[168]
Marrett, G. (17 February 2003). Cheating Death. ISBN 1-58834-104-6.
[169]
Marrett, G. (2004). Howard Hughes: Aviator. ISBN 1-59114-510-4.
[170]
Marrett, G. (2006). Testing Death. ISBN 0-275-99066-4.
[171]
Marrett, G. (2008). Contrails Over the Mojave. ISBN 978-1-59114-511-0.

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School_alumni, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[TPSCat_p9-1] [1]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 9.

[TPS_History-2] [2]
"U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School History". United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2017-04-17.

[ATFC_Hist-3] [3]
"History of AFTC". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2021-11-14.

[TPS50_p233-4] [4]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 233.

[FAP-5] [5]
Young, J. Forging Aerospace Power for America. pp. 3–4.

[TPSCat_p19-6] [6]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 19.

[TPSCat_p18-7] [7]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 18.

[notability-8] [8]
For the purposes of this list, notability is per the definition at WP:BIO and WP:MILMOS#NOTE.

[9] [9]
Marrett, G (2008). Contrails Over the Mojave. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-59114-511-0.

[TPSCat_p8-10] [10]
USAF TPS Graduate Course Catalog. p. 8.

[TPS50_p50-11] [11]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 50.

[astrospies-12] [12]
"Astrospies". NOVA. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-05.

[13] [13]
"Adams Biography". NASA. Retrieved 2023-08-23.

[14] [14]
"Akers Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[15] [15]
"Antonelli Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[16] [16]
"Archambault Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[17] [17]
"Bassett Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1966-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[18] [18]
"Behnken Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[19] [19]
"Blaha Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[20] [20]
"Bloomfield Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[21] [21]
"Bobko Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-04-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[22] [22]
"Boe Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[23] [23]
"Borman Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[24] [24]
"Bowersox Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[25] [25]
"Bridges Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2005-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[26] [26]
"Brown Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-30.

[27] [27]
"Carey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[28] [28]
"Casper Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[29] [29]
"Chilton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[30] [30]
"E. Collins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[31] [31]
"M. Collins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[32] [32]
"Cooper Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[33] [33]
"Covey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[34] [34]
"Crews Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[35] [35]
"Crippen Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2001-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[36] [36]
"Duffy Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2002-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[37] [37]
"Duke Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[38] [38]
"Dutton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[39] [39]
"Eisele Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1987-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[40] [40]
"Engle Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[41] [41]
"Fincke Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-01-22. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[42] [42]
"Finley Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[43] [43]
"Fischer Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[44] [44]
"Ford Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[45] [45]
"Fossum Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[46] [46]
"Freeman Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1964-11-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[47] [47]
"Fullerton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[48] [48]
"Gardner Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[49] [49]
"Givens Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1967-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[50] [50]
"Glover Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2023-04-01. Retrieved 2023-04-07.

[51] [51]
"Grabe Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1999-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[52] [52]
"Gregory Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[53] [53]
"Grissom Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1997-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[54] [54]
"Gutierrez Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[55] [55]
"Hague Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[56] [56]
"Haise Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[57] [57]
"Halsell Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006-11-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[58] [58]
"Hartsfield Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[59] [59]
"Helms Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2012-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[60] [60]
"Henricks Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2000-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[61] [61]
"Hines Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2020-01-01. Retrieved 2020-04-29.

[62] [62]
"Hopkins Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-04-30.

[63] [63]
"Horowitz Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[64] [64]
"Husband Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2004-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[65] [65]
"Irwin Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1972-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[66] [66]
"Gregory C. Johnson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2017-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[67] [67]
"Gregory H. Johnson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[68] [68]
"Kelly Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[69] [69]
"Knight Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[70] [70]
Fausset, Richard (2004-05-09). "GOP's Pete Knight, 74; Former Test Pilot Was Foe of Gay Marriage". Los Angeles Times. p. B-18. Archived from the original on 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[71] [71]
"Biography of Joshua Kutryk". Canadian Space Agency. 2020-01-10. Retrieved 2020-10-04.

[72] [72]
Mowry, Laura (2012-06-12). "TPS graduates receive warm welcome from test pilot legend". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2020-10-04.

[73] [73]
"Lawrence Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[74] [74]
"Lawyer Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[75] [75]
"Lindsey Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[76] [76]
"Lockhart Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2009-10-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[77] [77]
"Loria Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[78] [78]
"Macleay Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[79] [79]
"Mattingly Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1987-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[80] [80]
"McBride Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-06-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[81] [81]
"McDivitt Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[82] [82]
"McMonagle Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1998-08-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[83] [83]
"Meade Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[84] [84]
"Melroy Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[85] [85]
"Mitchell Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-09-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[86] [86]
"Mullane Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[87] [87]
"Nagel Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2015-02-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[88] [88]
"Neubeck Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[89] [89]
"Onizuka Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[90] [90]
"Overmyer Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1996-03-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[91] [91]
"Peterson Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-05-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[92] [92]
"Polansky Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2019-03-31.

[93] [93]
"Precourt Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2005-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[TPS50_p49-94] [94]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 49.

[95] [95]
"Roosa Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1994-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[96] [96]
"Ross Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[97] [97]
"Rushworth Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[98] [98]
"Scobee Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[99] [99]
"Scott Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1975-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[100] [100]
"Shaw Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-11-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[101] [101]
"Shriver Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-05-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[102] [102]
"Slayton Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-06-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[103] [103]
"Stafford Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[104] [104]
"Sturckow Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.

[105] [105]
"Taylor Biography". NOVA Astrospies. PBS. December 2007. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[106] [106]
"Truly Astronaut Biography" (PDF). NASA. 1992-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[107] [107]
Garber, Steve (2003-02-03). "Truly Administrator Biography". NASA. Retrieved 2023-08-23.

[108] [108]
"Virts Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[109] [109]
"Walheim Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2019-02-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[110] [110]
"Walker Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2001-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[111] [111]
"Walz Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2008-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[112] [112]
"Edward White Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1997-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[113] [113]
"Robert White Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[114] [114]
"Worden Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1993-12-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[115] [115]
"Zamka Biography" (PDF). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[Apt_Photo-116] [116]
"Apt and Kincheloe with X-2". United States Air Force. Retrieved 2017-01-31.

[AH_19560927-117] [117]
Young, J. Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB. No page numbers in this document; See date of September 27, 1956.

[Ascani_GOE-118] [118]
"Ascani Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[119] [119]
"Bong Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[120] [120]
Rogers, Paul (May 25, 2006). "Keynote Speaker, James E. Brown III". U-Web Student Web Service. Santa Barbara, California: University of California Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2010.

[121] Rogers, Paul (May 25, 2006). "Keynote Speaker, James E. Brown III". U-Web Student Web Service. Santa Barbara, California: University of California Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved March 21, 2010.

[Cardenas_AWOH-121] [121]
"Cardenas Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-01-31.

[P47_Pilots-122] [122]
"Kenneth O. Chilstrom". P-47 Thunderbolt Pilots Association. Yulee, Florida: Logic Mountain LLC. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved December 31, 2009.

[FOOTNOTEHatchWinter199394-123] [123]
Hatch & Winter (1993), p. 94.

[airrace-124] [124]
Meixner, Bill (December 28, 2009). "1946 National Air Races". Berea, Ohio: Society of Air Racing Historians. Retrieved January 10, 2010.

[FOOTNOTEGlines1980157–58-125] [125]
Glines (1980), pp. 157–58.

[Edwards-126] [126]
"Edwards Biography". Air Force Link. USAF. Archived from the original on 2008-07-10. Retrieved 2008-07-26.

[FMA-127] [127]
Everest, F. (1980). The Fastest Man Alive. ISBN 0-405-12163-6.

[Fulton_GOE-128] [128]
"Fulton Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[AH_19690816-129] [129]
Young, J. Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB. No page numbers in this document, See date of August 16, 1969.

[130] [130]
"List of records established by Darryl G. Greenamyer". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2019-04-06.

[Hoover_GOE-131] [131]
"Hoover Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[Johnson_AWOH-132] [132]
"1998 Honorees, Richard L. "Dick" Johnson". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Retrieved November 17, 2021.

[Latimer_GOE-133] [133]
"Latimer Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2022-08-25.

[134] [134]
"Kelly J. Latimer". NASA. 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-25.

[LeVier_GOE-135] [135]
"LeVier Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[136] [136]
"Donald L. Mallick". NASA. 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2022-08-27.

[137] [137]
"YF-12A #935 with test pilot Donald L. Mallick". DVIDS. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2022-08-27.

[Murray_AWOH-138] [138]
"Murray Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2012-09-23. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[139] [139]
Johnson, Jenna (January 2, 2008). "Flying Back in Time, In His Own Warplane". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved October 3, 2015.

[140] [140]
Glenshaw, Paul (April 2018). "The First Space Ace". Air & Space Magazine. Archived from the original on 2021-08-25. Retrieved 2022-08-26.

[141] [141]
"Major General Wilbert D. "Doug" Pearson Jr". af.mil. USAF. January 2005. Retrieved 2020-08-26.

[Peterson_AWOH-142] [142]
"Peterson Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[Pisanos_GOE-143] [143]
"Pisanos Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[Ridley_AWOH-144] [144]
"Ridley Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[Schalk_AWOH-145] [145]
"1999 Honorees, Schalk". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Retrieved 2021-11-14.

[146] [146]
Barnes, Bart (2002-08-21). "Louis W. Schalk Jr. Dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-05-16.

[147] [147]
"Louis Schalk Jr., 76; Original Test Pilot for Blackbird Spy Plane". Los Angeles Times. 2002-08-21. Retrieved 2020-05-16.

[Stephens_AWOH-148] [148]
"Stephens Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[Thacker-149] [149]
"Up From Kitty Hawk". Air Force Magazine Online. Air Force Association. p. No page numbers in this document; See date of February 27, 1947. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2015-01-03.

[Townsend_AWOH-150] [150]
"Townsend Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[Tymczyszyn_AWOH-151] [151]
"Tymczyszyn Biography". Aerospace Walk of Honor. City of Lancaster, California. Archived from the original on 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[152] [152]
"Yeager Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2017-02-27.

[153] [153]
"Abrahamson Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[154] [154]
"USAF Biography: Lieutenant General Spence M. Armstrong". United States Air Force. September 1987. Retrieved June 12, 2016.

[155] [155]
Cooper, Rich; Glasser, Scott (August 15, 2002). "Senior Advisor to the Administrator: Lieutenant General Spence (Sam) Armstrong, USAF (Ret.)". NASA. Retrieved June 6, 2016.

[156] [156]
"USAF Biography: Lieutenant General William J. Campbell". United States Air Force. November 1984. Retrieved December 30, 2022.

[TPS50_p63-157] [157]
USAF Test Pilot School 50 Years and Beyond. p. 63.

[Dengler-158] [158]
Dengler, D (1979). Escape from Laos. pp. 207–8. ISBN 0-89141-076-7.

[Gabreski_GOE-159] [159]
"Gabreski Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[160] [160]
"Gabreski Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-05-20. Retrieved 2008-08-15.

[161] [161]
"Herres Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[162] [162]
"Kutyna Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[163] [163]
"Loh Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[164] [164]
"Yates Biography". Air Force Link. United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2008-07-09. Retrieved 2008-08-09.

[165] [165]
Lopez, D (17 March 2001). Fighter Pilot's Heaven. ISBN 1-56098-916-5.

[166] [166]
Lopez, D (October 1986). Into the Teeth of the Tiger. ISBN 0-553-27441-4.

[Lopez_GOE-167] [167]
"Lopez Biography". Gathering of Eagles. Montgomery, Alabama: Gathering of Eagles Foundation. Retrieved 2020-01-23.

[168] [168]
Marrett, G. (17 February 2003). Cheating Death. ISBN 1-58834-104-6.

[169] [169]
Marrett, G. (2004). Howard Hughes: Aviator. ISBN 1-59114-510-4.

[170] [170]
Marrett, G. (2006). Testing Death. ISBN 0-275-99066-4.

[171] [171]
Marrett, G. (2008). Contrails Over the Mojave. ISBN 978-1-59114-511-0.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]

[80]

[81]

[82]

[83]

[84]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[91]

[92]

[93]

[94]

[95]

[96]

[97]

[98]

[99]

[100]

Service
	RCAF	Royal Canadian Air Force
	USAF	United States Air Force
	USAFR	United States Air Force Reserve
	USN	United States Navy
	USNR	United States Navy Reserve
	USMC	United States Marine Corps
	Civilians	From specified U.S. contractors and government agencies
Rank	Military rank	For individuals who have served in the armed forces. The rank shown is current at the time this list was created and is subject to change.
Rank	"n/a"	For civilians who have not served in the armed forces and therefore do not have military rank.
Class	Year/Letter	The year and order in which a class started. For example, 07A was the first of two classes to start in 2007.^[10]
	Roman Numeral	Four Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS) classes designated I, II, III, and IV, that prepared students for crewed spaceflight operations. These classes were dropped when the USAF lost its crewed spaceflight mission.^[11]
	MOL	Classes to train military astronauts of the Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL) program. MOL was cancelled in 1969 before any of the astronauts went into space.^[12]
	AFIT	The USAF TPS selects up to eight students per year to attend the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. These individuals attend 15 months of class work and thesis preparation prior to completing the USAF TPS curriculum.^[7]
	"n/a"	For faculty who taught at USAF TPS but were never students of the school.

Name	Service	Rank	Class	Notable events	Ref
Michael J. Adams*	USAF	O-04Major	1962-0362C, IV, MOL	X-15 Flight 191, 1965 USAF MOL Group	^[13]
Thomas Akers	USAF	O-06Colonel	1982-0282B	STS-41, STS-49, STS-61, STS-79	^[14]
Dominic A. Antonelli	USN	O-05Commander	1997-0297B	STS-119, STS-132	^[15]
Lee Archambault	USAF	O-06Colonel	1994-0294B	STS-117, STS-119	^[16]
Charles Bassett*	USAF	O-03Captain	1962-0162A, III	1963 NASA Group 3	^[17]
Robert Behnken	USAF	O-06Colonel	1998-0298B	STS-123, STS-130, SpX-DM2	^[18]
John E. Blaha	USAF	O-06Colonel	1971-0171A	STS-29, STS-33, STS-43, STS-58, STS-79, Mir-22, STS-81	^[19]
Michael J. Bloomfield	USAF	O-06Colonel	1992-0192A	STS-86, STS-97, STS-110	^[20]
Karol J. Bobko	USAF	O-06Colonel	1965-0265B, MOL	STS-6, STS-51-D, STS-51-J	^[21]
Eric A. Boe	USAF	O-06Colonel	1997-0197A	STS-126, STS-133	^[22]
Frank Borman	USAF	O-06Colonel	1960-0360C, I	Gemini 7, Apollo 8	^[23]
Ken Bowersox	USN	O-06Captain	1985-0185A	STS-50, STS-61, STS-73, STS-82, STS-113, Expedition 6, Soyuz TMA-1	^[24]
Roy D. Bridges Jr.	USAF	O-08Major General	1970-0270B	STS-51-F	^[25]
Curtis Brown	USAF	O-06Colonel	1985-0285B	STS-47, STS-66, STS-77, STS-85, STS-95, STS-103	^[26]
Duane G. Carey	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1992-0192A	STS-109	^[27]
John Casper	USAF	O-06Colonel	1974-0174A	STS-36, STS-54, STS-62, STS-77	^[28]
Kevin P. Chilton	USAF	O-10General	1984-0184A	STS-49, STS-59, STS-76	^[29]
Eileen Collins	USAF	O-06Colonel	1989-0289B	STS-63 (first female shuttle pilot), STS-84, STS-93 (first female shuttle commander), STS-114 (Return to Flight after Columbia Disaster)	^[30]
Michael Collins	USAFR	O-08Major General	1960-0360C, III	Gemini 10, Apollo 11	^[31]
Gordon Cooper	USAF	O-06Colonel	1956-0456D	Mercury 9, Gemini 5	^[32]
Richard O. Covey	USAF	O-06Colonel	1974-0274B	STS-51-I, STS-26 (Return to Flight after Challenger Disaster), STS-38, STS-61	^[33]
Albert H. Crews	USAF	O-06Colonel	1960-0160A, II, MOL	1962 Dyna-Soar Group, 1965 USAF MOL Group	^[34]
Robert Crippen	USN	O-06Captain	1965-0165A, MOL	STS-1, STS-7, STS-41-C, STS-41-G	^[35]
Brian Duffy	USAF	O-06Colonel	1982-0282B	STS-57, STS-72, STS-92	^[36]
Charles Duke	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1964-0364C	Apollo 16	^[37]
James Dutton	USAF	O-06Colonel	2000–0100A	STS-131	^[38]
Donn F. Eisele	USAF	O-06Colonel	1962-0162A	Apollo 7	^[39]
Joe Engle	USAF	O-06Colonel	1961-0361C, III	X-15 Flight 138, X-15 Flight 143, X-15 Flight 153, ALT, STS-2, STS-51-I	^[40]
Michael Fincke	USAF	O-06Colonel	1993-0293B	Soyuz TMA-4 (Expedition 9), Soyuz TMA-13 (Expedition 18), STS-134	^[41]
John L. Finley	USN	O-06Captain	1964-0164A, MOL	1965 USAF MOL Group	^[42]
Jack D. Fischer	USAF	O-06Colonel	2003-0203B	Soyuz MS-04 (Expedition 51/52)	^[43]
Kevin A. Ford	USAF	O-06Colonel	1990-0190A	STS-128, Soyuz TMA-06M (Expedition 33/34)	^[44]
Michael E. Fossum	USAF	O-06Colonel	1985-0185A	STS-121, STS-124, Soyuz TMA-02M (Expedition 28/29)	^[45]
Theodore Freeman*	USAF	O-03Captain	1962-0162A, IV	1963 NASA Group	^[46]
C. Gordon Fullerton	USAF	O-06Colonel	1964-0264B, MOL	ALT, STS-3, STS-51-F	^[47]
Guy Gardner	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0175A	STS-27, STS-35, TPS Commandant	^[48]
Edward Givens	USAF	O-04Major	1958-0258B, III	1966 NASA Group	^[49]
Victor J. Glover	USN	O-06Captain	2006-0206B	SpaceX Crew-1 (Expedition 64/65), Artemis 2	^[50]
Ronald J. Grabe	USAF	O-06Colonel	1974-0174A	STS-51-J, STS-30, STS-42, STS-57	^[51]
William G. Gregory	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1987-0187A	STS-67	^[52]
Gus Grissom*	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1956-0456D	Mercury-Redstone 4, Gemini 3, Apollo 1	^[53]
Sidney M. Gutierrez	USAF	O-06Colonel	1981-0181A	STS-40, STS-59	^[54]
Nick Hague	USAF	O-06Colonel	2003-0103A	Soyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-12 (Expedition 59/60)	^[55]
Fred Haise	NASA	O-00n/a	1964-0164A	Apollo 13, ALT	^[56]
James D. Halsell	USAF	O-06Colonel	1986-0186A	STS-65, STS-74, STS-83, STS-94, STS-101	^[57]
Henry Hartsfield	USAF	O-06Colonel	1964-0364C, MOL	STS-4, STS-41-D, STS-61-A	^[58]
Susan J. Helms	USAF	O-09Lt General	1988-0188A	STS-54, STS-64, STS-78, STS-101, Expedition 2 (STS-102 / STS-105)	^[59]
Terence T. Henricks	USAF	O-06Colonel	1983-0183A	STS-44, STS-55, STS-70, STS-78	^[60]
Robert T. Hines	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	2007-0207B	NASA Astronaut Group 22	^[61]
Michael S. Hopkins	USAF	O-06Colonel	1996-0296B	Soyuz TMA-10M (Expedition 37/38), USCV-1	^[62]
Scott J. Horowitz	USAF	O-06Colonel	1990-0190A	STS-75, STS-82, STS-101, STS-105	^[63]
Richard D. Husband*	USAF	O-06Colonel	1988-0188A	STS-96, STS-107 Columbia loss	^[64]
James Irwin	USAF	O-06Colonel	1960-0360C, IV	Apollo 15	^[65]
Gregory C. Johnson	USNR	O-06Captain	1984-0184A	STS-125	^[66]
Gregory H. Johnson	USAF	O-06Colonel	1994-0194A	STS-123 STS-134	^[67]
James M. Kelly	USAF	O-06Colonel	1993-0293B	STS-102, STS-114	^[68]
Pete Knight	USAF	O-06Colonel	1958-0358C, 63A	X-15 Flight 190, California State Senator	^[69]^[70]
Joshua Kutryk	RCAF	O-05LCol	2011-0211B	2017 CSA Group	^[71]^[72]
Robert Lawrence*	USAF	O-04Major	1966-0266B, MOL	First African-American astronaut, 1967 USAF MOL Group	^[73]
Richard E. Lawyer	USAF	O-06Colonel	1963-0163A, MOL	1965 USAF MOL Group	^[74]
Steven W. Lindsey	USAF	O-06Colonel	1989-0189A, AFIT	STS-87, STS-95, STS-104, STS-121 STS-133	^[75]
Paul Lockhart	USAF	O-06Colonel	1991-0191A	STS-111, STS-113	^[76]
Christopher Loria	USMC	O-06Colonel	1993-0193A	1996 NASA Group	^[77]
Lachlan Macleay	USAF	O-06Colonel	1960-0160A, IV, MOL	1965 USAF MOL Group	^[78]
Ken Mattingly	USN	O-07Rear Admiral	1965-0265B	Apollo 16, STS-4, STS-51-C	^[79]
Jon McBride	USN	O-06Captain	1975-0175A	STS-41-G	^[80]
James McDivitt	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1959-0359C, I	Gemini 4, Apollo 9	^[81]
Donald R. McMonagle	USAF	O-06Colonel	1981-0181A	STS-39, STS-54, STS-66	^[82]
Carl J. Meade	USAF	O-06Colonel	1980-0280B	STS-38, STS-50, STS-64	^[83]
Pamela Melroy	USAF	O-06Colonel	1991-0291B	STS-92, STS-112, STS-120	^[84]
Edgar Mitchell	USN	O-06Captain	1965-0265B	Apollo 14	^[85]
Richard Mullane	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0275B	STS-41-D, STS-27, STS-36	^[86]
Steven R. Nagel	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0175A	STS-51-G, STS-61-A, STS-37, STS-55	^[87]
Francis G. Neubeck	USAF	O-06Colonel	1960-0360C, III, MOL	1965 USAF MOL Group	^[88]
Ellison Onizuka*	USAF	O-06Colonel	1974-0274B	STS-51-C, STS-51-L Challenger loss	^[89]
Robert F. Overmyer	USMC	O-06Colonel	1965-0365C, MOL	STS-5, STS-51-B	^[90]
Donald H. Peterson	USAF	O-06Colonel	1966-0266B, MOL	STS-6	^[91]
Mark L. Polansky	USAF	O-03Captain	1986-0286B	STS-98, STS-116, STS-127	^[92]
Charles J. Precourt	USAF	O-06Colonel	1985-0185A	STS-55, STS-71, STS-84, STS-91	^[93]
Russell L. Rogers*	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1958-0358C	1960 Dyna-Soar Group	^[94]
Stuart Roosa	USAF	O-06Colonel	1964-0364C	Apollo 14	^[95]
Jerry L. Ross	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0275B	STS-61-B, STS-27, STS-37, STS-55, STS-74, STS-88, STS-110	^[96]
Robert A. Rushworth	USAF	O-08Major General	1956-0356C	X-15 Flight 87	^[97]
Dick Scobee*	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1971-0271B	STS-41-C, STS-51-L Challenger loss	^[98]
David Scott	USAF	O-06Colonel	1962-0362C, IV	Gemini 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 15	^[99]
Brewster H. Shaw	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0275B	STS-9, STS-61-B, STS-28	^[100]
Loren Shriver	USAF	O-06Colonel	1975-0175A	STS-51-C, STS-31, STS-46	^[101]
Deke Slayton	USAF	O-04Major	1955-0355C	Apollo-Soyuz Test Project	^[102]
Thomas P. Stafford	USAF	O-09Lt General	1958-0358C	Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, ASTP	^[103]
Frederick W. Sturckow	USMC	O-06Colonel	1992-0192A	STS-88, STS-105, STS-117, STS-128, VSS Unity VP-03	^[104]
James M. Taylor*	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1963-0163A, MOL	1965 USAF MOL Group	^[105]
Richard H. Truly	USN	O-09Vice Admiral	1964-0164A, MOL	ALT, STS-2, STS-8, NASA Administrator	^[106]^[107]
Terry W. Virts	USAF	O-06Colonel	1998-0298B	STS-130, Soyuz TMA-15M (Expedition 42/43)	^[108]
Rex J. Walheim	USAF	O-06Colonel	1992-0192A	STS-110, STS-122, STS-135	^[109]
David M. Walker	USN	O-06Captain	1971-0171A	STS-51-A, STS-30, STS-53, STS-69	^[110]
Carl E. Walz	USAF	O-06Colonel	1983-0183A	STS-51, STS-65, STS-79, STS-108, Expedition 4, STS-111	^[111]
Ed White*	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1959-0359C	Gemini 4, Apollo 1	^[112]
Robert M. White	USAF	O-08Major General	1954-0354C	X-15 Flight 62	^[113]
James W. Wood	USAF	O-06Colonel	1956-0456D	1960 Dyna-Soar Group 1	^[94]
Alfred Worden	USAF	O-06Colonel	1964-0364C	Apollo 15	^[114]
George D. Zamka	USMC	O-06Colonel	1994-0194A	STS-120, STS-130	^[115]

Name	Service	Rank	Class	Notable events	Ref
Milburn G. Apt*	USAF	O-03Captain	1954-0254B	First to exceed Mach 3. Speed record of Mach 3.2 in X-2	^[116]^[117]
Fred J. Ascani	USAF	O-08Major General	1946-246B	Father of Systems Engineering at Wright Field. F-86 speed record	^[118]
Richard Bong*	USAF	O-04Major	1945-0145	United States' highest-scoring air ace. Medal of Honor recipient	^[119]
James "JB" Brown	USAF	O-04Major	1986-0186A	F-22 Raptor lead test pilot and F-117 Nighthawk chief test pilot	^[120]
Robert Cardenas	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1946-1046J	B-29 commander on mission to break sound barrier. Chief USAF test pilot for YB-49 flying wing	^[121]
Ken Chilstrom	USAF	O-06Colonel	1945-0145	Tested over twenty German and Japanese aircraft during World War II. First military pilot to fly XP-86. First jet air race. First transport of air mail by jet	^[122] ^[123] ^[124] ^[125]
Glen Edwards*	USAF	O-03Captain	1945-0145	Namesake of Edwards Air Force Base	^[126]
Frank K. Everest	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1946-0446D	Speed record of Mach 2.9 in the X-2. Subject and co-author of The Fastest Man Alive	^[127]
Fitzhugh L. Fulton	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1952-0252B	Altitude record of 85,360 ft (26.02 km) in the B-58. XB-70, YF-12, 747 Space Shuttle Carrier Aircraft testiing	^[128]
Darryl Greenamyer	Lockheed	O-00n/a	1963-0163A	Piston engine speed record of 776 km/h (482 mph) in an F8F-2. Low altitude speed record of 1,590 km/h (990 mph) in an F-104	^[129]^[130]
Bob Hoover	USAF	O-02Lieutenant	1946-0346C	Flew chase during the Mach one flight. Named "the greatest stick-and-rudder man who ever lived" by Jimmy Doolittle. Noted air show pilot in Shrike Commander and P-51	^[131]
Dick Johnson	USAF	O-04Major	1946-0346C	1948 world speed record in the F‑86. First flights of the YF‑102, YF‑106, and F‑111	^[132]
Kelly Latimer	USAF	O-05Lt Colonel	1996-0296B	First female test pilot for NASA's DFRC flying on the SOFIA project. Test pilot on White Knight Two and Cosmic Girl	^[133]^[134]
Tony LeVier	Lockheed	O-00n/a	1945-0145	Lockheed chief test pilot. P-38, P-80, XF-90, XF-104, U-2 testing	^[135]
Donald L. Mallick	USNR	O-04LCDR	1964-0164A	LLRV, XB-70, and YF-12 testing	^[136]^[137]
Arthur W. Murray	USAF	O-04Major	1945-0745G	X-1A, X-1B, X-4, X-5 testing	^[138]
Art Nalls	USMC	O-05Lt Colonel	1985-0185A	Harrier testing; owner and air show pilot of privately owned Harrier	^[139]
Wilbert Pearson	USAF	O-08Major General	1982-182A	First pilot to shoot down a satellite from an aircraft; commander of Air Force Flight Test Center	^[140]^[141]
Bruce Peterson	NASA	O-00n/a	1963-0163A	M2-F1, M2-F2, HL-10 lifting body flights	^[142]
Steve Pisanos	USAF	O-06Colonel	1945-0445D	F-80 Shooting Star, F-102 Delta Dagger, F-4E testing	^[143]
Jack Ridley*	USAF	O-06Colonel	1946-0146A	Project engineer for the team that broke the sound barrier	^[144]
Lou Schalk	USAF	O-03Captain	1954-0154A	First flight of the A-12; flight test of A-12, YF-12 and SR-71 Blackbird; Chief test pilot of Lockheed Skunk Works	^[145]^[146]^[147]
Robert L. Stephens	USAF	O-06Colonel	1949-0449D	Speed and altitude records testing the YF-12 and SR-71	^[148]
Robert E. Thacker	USAF	O-06Colonel	1946-0146	P-80 Shooting Star, P-82 distance/speed record, Lockheed solar-powered aircraft	^[149]
Guy M. Townsend	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1946-0646F	Co-pilot on the first flight of the B-52 Stratofortress. First military pilot to fly the B-47 Stratojet, B-50 Superfortress, B-52 Stratofortress, and the prototype of the KC-135 Stratotanker	^[150]
Joseph John "Tym" Tymczyszyn	FAA	O-00n/a	1945-0149C	Test Pilot on America's First Commercial Jet Aircraft, the Boeing 707	^[151]
Chuck Yeager	USAF	O-07Brig. General	1946-0346C	Fighter ace; first to travel faster than sound during level flight; first to reach Mach 2.5; Commandant of Aerospace Research Pilot School	^[152]

Name	Service	Rank	Class	Notable events	Ref
James A. Abrahamson	USAF	O-09Lt General	1966-0266B, MOL	Strategic Defense Initiative director	^[153]
Spence M. Armstrong	USAF	O-09Lt General	1964-0364C	Vice commander Air Force Systems Command, senior advisor to the NASA administrator	^[154]^[155]
William J. Campbell	USAF	O-09Lt General	1962-0362C, IV	Vice commander Strategic Air Command, TPS Commandant	^[156]
Eugene P. Deatrick	USAF	O-06Colonel	1951-0151A, 53C	TPS Commandant. Rescue of Navy Lt. Dieter Dengler	^[157]^[158]
Gabby Gabreski	USAF	O-06Colonel	1945-0745G	Top American fighter ace in Europe during World War II	^[159]^[160]
Robert T. Herres	USAF	O-10General	1966-0266B, MOL	Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff	^[161]
Donald J. Kutyna	USAF	O-10General	1965-0365C	North American Aerospace Defense Command	^[162]
John M. Loh	USAF	O-10General	1967-0267B	Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force	^[163]
Ronald W. Yates	USAF	O-10General	1966-0266B	Air Force Materiel Command	^[164]

Name	Service	Rank	Class	Notable events	Ref
Donald S. Lopez	USAF	O-06Colonel	1947-0647F	Author of two aviation books. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum deputy director	^[165]^[166]^[167]
George J. Marrett	USAF	O-03Captain	1964-0164A	Author of five aviation books, three on flight testing including "Contrails Over the Mojave," one on combat in Vietnam and one on a test pilot building a church.	^[168]^[169]^[170]^[171]

List_of_U.S._Air_Force_Test_Pilot_School_alumni

List of U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni

Famous alumni

Key

Astronauts

Flight test

Military commanders

Authors

Notes

References

External links

Share this article: