Face recognition technology follows earlier biometric surveillance techniques, including fingerprints, passport photos and iris scans. It’s the first that can be done without the subject’s knowledge.

You probably won’t be targeted by spyware, but if you are, odds are you won’t know about it. The latest spyware slips in unseen through online ads as you go about your digital life.

The government faces legal restrictions on how much personal information it can gather on citizens, but the law is largely silent on agencies purchasing the data from commercial brokers.

Some US law enforcement agencies are using a commercial app that tracks people all day long via their phones – without a court order or oversight.

It’s increasingly difficult to move about – both in the physical world and online – without being tracked.

Cookie notifications remind people that they are being tracked, which affects how people behave online.

Data privacy is an abstract issue for most people, even though virtually everyone is at risk. If abortion becomes illegal, digital surveillance could take an even darker turn.

Privacy, security, access and design will need to be monitored as the UK moves to ‘appify’ public services.