A new theory involving volcanoes may partly explain the appearance of the first oxygen on Earth 2.5 billion years ago, researchers say.

The density of the metallic asteroid Psyche has mystified scientists, but a new theory points to molton iron as an explanation.

A previously underestimated extinction event actually reaches the level of one of only six mass extinctions in geologic history, researchers say.

Computer models can explain why the magma chambers that feed many volcanoes' explosive eruptions are found in such a small section of Earth's crust.

Scientists have long thought of volcanic hot spots as stationary points, but a new study finds they are very much on the move.

There may be a way for scientists to predict when volcanoes will erupt by closely monitoring pressure changes, researchers say.

Volatile elements in magma, primarily water, drive explosive volcanic eruptions. Experiments now improve our understanding of how wet magmas can be.

A strange mineral deposit in the Nili Fossae region of Mars has puzzled scientists, but there's a new explanation for how it got there.

Following the 1783-84 eruption of the Laki volcano on Iceland, Benjamin Franklin speculated on its effects on the climate. A new study shows he was right.

New research shows "a new way that tiny microorganisms can have an outsized impact on a large-scale geological process and the Earth's climate."