Atomic_orbitals_spdf_m-eigenstates.png
Summary
Description Atomic orbitals spdf m-eigenstates.png |
English:
Collection of 16 atomic single-electron orbitals for the lowest four
n
quantum numbers. Only the cases
with one radial node are shown. Each row shows one
l
-quantum number
l
=0 (s),
l
=1 (p),
l
=2 (d) and
l
=3 (f) with
m
quantum numbers
in ascending order. The color depicts the complex-valued phase of the
wavefunction
. In contrast to the real-valued orbitals in chemistry, which are superpositions of several
m
-eigenstates, the probability densities shown here are symmetric around the
z
-axis. The solid bodies enclose the volume where the continuous probability density exceeds a well-chosen threshold. The formulas that describe the orbitals can be found at
Hydrogen atom
.
The labels in the image show the quantum numbers nl m with l encoded as letter. |
Date | |
Source | Own work , Created with hydrogen 1.1 |
Author | Geek3 |
Other versions | Atomic orbitals spdf m-eigenstates mpositive.png with positive m-values only. |
Licensing
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This image has been assessed using the
Quality image guidelines
and is considered a
Quality image
.
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