This image is in the
public domain
because it is a mere mechanical scan or photocopy of a public domain original, or – from the available evidence – is so similar to such a scan or photocopy that no copyright protection can be expected to arise. The original itself is in the public domain in its
source country
for the following reason:
Public domain
Public domain
false
false
The
country of origin
of this photograph is Italy. It is in the
public domain
there because its copyright term has expired. According to
Law for the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights n.633, 22 April 1941
and later revisions,
images of people or of aspects, elements and facts of natural or social life, obtained with photographic process or with an analogue one, including reproductions of figurative art and
film frames
of
film stocks
(Art. 87)
are protected for a period of 20 years from creation
(Art. 92).
This provision shall not apply to photographs of writings, documents, business papers, material objects, technical drawings and similar products
(Art. 87). Italian law makes an important distinction between "works of photographic art" and "simple photographs" (Art. 2, § 7). Photographs that are "intellectual work with creative characteristics" are protected for 70 years after the author's death (Art. 32 bis), whereas simple photographs are protected for a period of 20 years from creation.
This may not apply in countries that don't apply the
rule of the shorter term
to works from Italy. In particular, these are in the public domain in the United States only if:
The original itself is in the public domain in the
United States
for the following reason:
Public domain
Public domain
false
false
The author died in 1960, so this work is in the
public domain
in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the
copyright term
is the author's
life plus 60 years or fewer
.
This work is in the
public domain
in the United States because it meets three requirements:
it was first
published
outside the United States (and
not
published in the U.S. within 30 days),
it was first published before 1 March 1989 without copyright notice or before 1964 without copyright renewal or before the source country established
copyright relations
with the United States,
it was in the public domain in its home country on the
URAA
date (January 1, 1996 for most countries).
For background information, see the explanations on
Non-U.S. copyrights
.
Note:
in addition to this statement, there
must
be a statement on this page explaining
why
the work was PD on the
URAA
date in its source country. Additionally, there must be verifiable information about previous publications of the work.
This tag is designed for use where there may be a need to assert that any enhancements (eg brightness, contrast, colour-matching, sharpening) are in themselves insufficiently creative to generate a new copyright. It can be used where it is unknown whether any enhancements have been made, as well as when the enhancements are clear but insufficient. For known raw unenhanced scans you can use an appropriate
{{PD-old}}
tag instead. For usage, see
Commons:When to use the PD-scan tag
.