This file is a Ukrainian or Ukrainian SSR work and it is presently in the public domain in Ukraine , because it was published before January 1, 1954, and the creator (if known) died before that date ( details ).

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A Ukrainian or Ukrainian SSR work that is in the public domain in Ukraine according to this rule is in the public domain in the U.S. only if it was in the public domain in Ukraine before January 1, 1996, e.g. if it was published before January 1, 1946 and the creator died before this date, and no copyright was registered in the U.S. (This is the combined effect of the retroactive [2] , Ukraine's joining the Berne Convention in 1996, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.)