When will the COVID-19 pandemic end? 4 essential reads on past pandemics and what the future could bring

None of our authors can see the future, but many do have expertise that offers insights about what’s reasonable to expect.

Maggie Villiger, Senior Science + Technology Editor • conversation
Jan. 26, 2022 ~7 min

Parents were fine with sweeping school vaccination mandates five decades ago – but COVID-19 may be a different story

Public health experts know that schools are likely sites for the spread of disease, and laws tying school attendance to vaccination go back to the 1800s.

James Colgrove, Professor of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health; Dean of the Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program, Columbia School of General Studies, Columbia University • conversation
Oct. 22, 2021 ~9 min


50 years ago, the first CT scan let doctors see inside a living skull – thanks to an eccentric engineer at the Beatles' record company

On Oct. 1, 1971, Godfrey Hounsfield’s invention took its first pictures of a human brain, using X-rays and an ingenious algorithm to identify a woman’s tumor from outside of her skull.

Edmund S. Higgins, Affiliate Associate Professor of Psychiatry & Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina • conversation
Sept. 30, 2021 ~10 min

Insulin was discovered 100 years ago – but it took a lot more than one scientific breakthrough to get a diabetes treatment to patients

A biomedical engineer explains the basic research that led to the discovery of insulin and its transformation into a lifesaving treatment for millions of people with diabetes.

James P. Brody, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine • conversation
July 21, 2021 ~9 min

Benjamin Franklin's fight against a deadly virus: Colonial America was divided over smallpox inoculation, but he championed science to skeptics

When Bostonians in 1721 faced a deadly smallpox outbreak, a new procedure called inoculation was found to help fend off the disease. Not everyone was won over, and newspapers fed the controversy.

Christian Chauret, Dean of School of Sciences, Professor of Microbiology, Indiana University Kokomo • conversation
July 1, 2021 ~11 min

The 17th-century cloth merchant who discovered the vast realm of tiny microbes – an appreciation of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Leeuwenhoek, who discovered bacteria, is one of the most important figures in the history of medicine, laying the groundwork for today's understanding of infectious disease.

Richard Gunderman, Chancellor's Professor of Medicine, Liberal Arts, and Philanthropy, Indiana University • conversation
April 6, 2021 ~7 min

People gave up on flu pandemic measures a century ago when they tired of them – and paid a price

Americans were tired of social distancing and mask-wearing. At the first hint the virus was receding, people pushed to get life back to normal. Unfortunately another surge of the disease followed.

J. Alexander Navarro, Assistant Director of the Center for the History of Medicine, University of Michigan • conversation
March 23, 2021 ~9 min

Many Black Americans aren’t rushing to get the COVID-19 vaccine – a long history of medical abuse suggests why

Though COVID-19 has killed almost twice as many Black Americans as whites, Black people are the least likely racial group to say they're eager to receive the vaccine as soon as it's available to them.

Esther Jones, Associate Professor of English, affiliate with Africana Studies and Women's & Gender Studies, Clark University • conversation
Feb. 24, 2021 ~9 min


What is osteopathic medicine? A D.O. explains

Almost 10% of physicians in the US are doctors of osteopathic medicine, and that proportion is rising. Their medical knowledge matches that of other doctors; the difference is the philosophy behind it.

Andrea Amalfitano, Dean of the MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine and Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University • conversation
Oct. 16, 2020 ~7 min

How do pandemics end? History suggests diseases fade but are almost never truly gone

As ready as you are to be done with COVID-19, it's not going anywhere soon. A historian of disease describes how once a pathogen emerges, it's usually here to stay.

Nükhet Varlik, Associate Professor of History, University of South Carolina • conversation
Oct. 14, 2020 ~9 min

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